2009 Proceedings of the Cornell Nutrition Conference For Feed ...

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software uses the NRC 2001 values for blood meal, which has a high RUP value (77.5% when dry matter intake = 4% of body weight) with high RUP digestibility (80%). RUP lysine digestibility % 100 80 60 40 20 Lysine digestibility vs. RUP digestibility 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 RUP digestibility % Figure 4. RUP-Lys digestibility versus RUP digestibility as determined by a modified 3-step procedure (St- Pierre, unpublished observations). Measured data is represented by dots; RUP- Lys digestibility equal to RUP digestibility would fall along the line. RUP = rumen undegraded protein CONCLUSIONS RUP Lys dig Heat processing of feeds is commonly used in the production of by-product ingredients and to decrease ruminal degradability of feed protein. If heat processing conditions are too severe, or not carefully controlled, Lys damage can result, which decreases Lys digestibility in the small intestine. Decreased digestibility of total RUP can also result from improper heat processing conditions. For feeds in which the Lys has been damaged due to heating conditions, MP-Lys supplied by those feeds will be over-predicted by current ruminant nutrition models because these models do not account for intestinal digestibility of individual AA in RUP. Therefore, more data is needed to better characterize differences in RUP-AA digestibility within feedstuffs. This data will be particularly important when feeding DDGS and BM because RUP-Lys digestibility can be substantially lower than RUP digestibility for these feeds. Identifying an accurate in vitro method that can be used to rapidly and economically analyze more samples for RUP-AA digestibility, particularly RUP-Lys digestibility, may allow ruminant nutrition models to more accurately predict MP-Lys supply from individual feed ingredients. If more accurate predictions of MP-Lys supplied by RUP are realized, herd responses to balancing rations for AA will become more predictable and consistent. Monitoring lysine damage that results from heat processing conditions can also be useful in monitoring quality of protein feeds supplied from various sources. 25 Equal
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS The data summary of 265 commercial blood meal samples was kindly provided by Venture Milling and Dr. Normand St-Pierre at the Ohio State University. REFERENCES Anderson, J. L., D. J. Schingoethe, K. F Kalscheur, and A. R. Hippen. 2006. Evaluation of dried and wet distillers grains included in two concentrations in the diets of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 89:3133-3412. Boucher, S.E. 2008. Evaluation of in vitro methods to estimate digestibility of amino acids in the rumend undegraded protein fraction of feedstuffs. Doctoral Dissertation. University of New Hampshire, Durham. Boucher, S. E., S. Calsamiglia, C. M. Parsons, H. H. Stein, M. D. Stern, P. S. Erickson, P. L. Utterback, and C. G. Schwab. 2009a. Intestinal digestibility of amino acids in rumen undegraded protein estimated using a precision-fed cecectomized rooster bioassay: II. Distillers dried grains with solubles and fish meal. J. Dairy Sci. Accepted. Boucher, S. E., C. Pedersen, H. H. Stein, and C. G. Schwab. 2009b. Evaluation of the furosine and homoarginine methods for determining reactive lysine in rumenundegraded protien. J. Dairy Sci. 92:3951-3958. Calsamiglia, S. and M. D. Stern. 1995. A three-step in vitro procedure for estimating intestinal digestion of protein in ruminants. J. Anim. Sci. 73:1459-1465. Erbersdobler, H. F., and V. Somoza. 2007. Forty years of furosine – Forty years of using Maillard reaction products as indicators of the nutritional quality of foods. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 51:423-430. Faldet, M. A., L. D. Satter, and G. A. Broderick. 1992. Determining optimal heat treatment of soybeans by measuring available lysine chemically and biologically with rats to maximize protein utilization by ruminants. J. Nutr. 122:151-160. Gargallo, S., S. Calsamiglia, and A. Ferret. 2006. Technical note: A modified three-step in vitro procedure to determine intestinal digestion of proteins. J. Anim. Sci. 84:2163-2167. Kleinschmit, D. H., D. J. Schingoethe, K. R. Kalscheur, and A. R. Hippen. 2006. Evaluation of various sources of corn dried distillers grains plus solubles for lactating dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 89:4784-4794. Meade, S. J., E .A. Reid, and J. A. Gerrard. 2005. The impact of processing on the nutritional quality of food proteins. J. AOAC Int. 88:904-922. Mauron, J. 1990. Influence of processing on protein quality. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 36:S57-69. National Research Council. 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7 th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Sci. Washington D.C. Pahm, A. A., C. Pedersen, and H. H. Stein. 2008. Application of the reactive lysine procedure to estimate lysine digestibility in distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs. J. Agric. Food Chem. 56:9441–9446. 26
Page 1 and 2: 2009 Proceedings of the Cornell Nut
Page 3 and 4: 2009 Cornell Nutrition Conference f
Page 5 and 6: Conference Staff, Speakers and Admi
Page 7 and 8: predicted flows of MP. Because they
Page 9 and 10: Figure 1. Revised NRC (2001) Lys an
Page 11 and 12: Figure 3. Lys and Met plots for mil
Page 13 and 14: and AMTS.Cattle (v.2.1.1) models (T
Page 15 and 16: MP on increasing the efficiency of
Page 17 and 18: high cows for both years were very
Page 19 and 20: Garthwaite, B. D., C. G. Schwab, an
Page 21 and 22: CHALLENGES OF PREDICTING METABOLIZA
Page 23 and 24: Figure 1. Chemical structure of lys
Page 25 and 26: Table 1. Blocked RUP-Lys and reacti
Page 27 and 28: and in vitro digestibility. However
Page 29: Table 4. Results from 265 blood mea
Page 33 and 34: THE CORNELL NET CARBOHYDRATE AND PR
Page 35 and 36: If this overall value is more appro
Page 37 and 38: mean values for efficiency of use f
Page 39 and 40: efficiency of use of particular AA
Page 41 and 42: Fox, and W. Chalupa.1993. A net car
Page 43 and 44: RECENT RESEARCH WITH LOW-STARCH DIE
Page 45 and 46: Table 1 continued. Dietary content,
Page 47 and 48: Voelker and Allen (2003abc) replace
Page 49 and 50: fermentable starch (3.5%-units) was
Page 51 and 52: monitor the cow’s performance, an
Page 53 and 54: ESTIMATING INTESTINAL DIGESTIBILITY
Page 55 and 56: digestibility within feeds will all
Page 57 and 58: Table 1. Average in vivo AA and RUP
Page 59 and 60: presented in Table 3. Crude protein
Page 61 and 62: human foodstuffs, and originally re
Page 63 and 64: Novus International. 2008. IDEA. Po
Page 65 and 66: the present study was to quantify t
Page 67 and 68: experiments. However, the final wei
Page 69 and 70: This is surprising in view of the c
Page 71 and 72: REFINING NITROGEN FEEDING USING CUR
Page 73 and 74: ecycled urea-N contributed 37.5% of
Page 75 and 76: observed for DMI nor milk measureme
Page 77 and 78: procedure described here contains 8
Page 79 and 80: Table 4. Protozoal predation of bac
Page 81 and 82:
Marini, J. C. and M. S. Attene-Ramo
Page 83 and 84:
of digestion. This involves refinem
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three hours was instead used, as an
Page 87 and 88:
Table 1: Comparison between the non
Page 89 and 90:
improve recovery of lignin particle
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a reverse-phase column. Ether-linke
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Figure 3: Relationship between 24hr
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Figure 7: Relationship between 96hr
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Ellis, W. C., M. Mahlooji and J.H.
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EFFECT OF TYPE AND LENGTH OF DIETAR
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intake data, the cattle fed the By-
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cases of the diseases of interest:
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for prediction of disease. The cate
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Table 1. Receiver operator characte
Page 109 and 110:
INTEGRATING NUTRITIONAL AND GROUPIN
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In a study conducted in a similar m
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and 109°F (THI 94) during the stud
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Gonzalez, M., A. K. Yabuta, and F.
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In the past 20 years there has been
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Dinosaur diets The plants eaten by
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Figure 2 A,B,C,D: The relation betw
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of fiber than ruminants while equid
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supports the hypothesis that the fi
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PHIDDLING WITH PHENYLALANINE: INFLU
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competition of large neutral amino
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A mixture of indispensable and semi
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and in other experiments that are n
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Table 4. Growth, feed intakes, PAH
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Lu, J. and R.E. Austic. 2009. Pheny
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During the late 1700s in Europe, th
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of energy and protein nutrition bec
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elated to the involvement of sodium
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In practical nutrition, it is impor
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Johnson, R. A. 1963. Habitat prefer
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INTERPRETING AND IMPLEMENTING STARC
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in starch content and corn silages,
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INTERPRETING AND IMPLEMENTING STARC
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All of the guidelines for starch di
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Feedstuff N DM range IVSD 7 SD Corn
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nonstructural carbohydrate / rumen
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ANALYTICAL METHODS For good estimat
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Larson, J., and P. C. Hoffman. 2008
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Key Data In50 years, the world popu
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With respect to increasing output,
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THE CONSUMER PERSPECTIVE When it co
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they want most in their food, consu
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devastating in poor nations where e
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additive for swine can reduce manur
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DeCamp, S., Hankins, S., Carroll, A
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DEMYSTIFYING THE ENVIRONMENTAL SUST
Page 181 and 182:
The „good old days‟ of dairy pr
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„Grass-fed‟ beef production The
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RECONCILING GLOBAL AND NATIONAL EMI
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production, without negatively impa
Page 189 and 190:
assumed to be produced with similar
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continent by the tractor trailer, a
Page 193 and 194:
REFERENCES Anon. 2006. Road to reco
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http://faostat.fao.org/DesktopDefau
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etail milk supply. The first repres
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eliable recommendations about the h
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nearly identical whereas MUFA was d
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higher trans-11 18:1 and lower cont
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diets varied on organic farms and s
Page 207 and 208:
Jensen, R. G. 1999. Fatty acid prof
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the optimum standing NDF is 38% for
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It is clear that fiber and lignin a
Page 213 and 214:
Figure 3. From: Progressive Dairyma
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AMMONIA EMISSIONS FROM DAIRY BARNS:
Page 217 and 218:
lactating cow’s energy requiremen
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exhaust duct per chamber. Stainless
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(Harper et al., 2009) are significa
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REFERENCES Aillery, M., N. Gollehon
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FEEDING LOW CRUDE PROTEIN RATIONS T
Page 227 and 228:
- There was an increase in % milk t
Page 229 and 230:
formulating rations is a tool routi
Page 231 and 232:
REFERENCES .Higgs, R.J. 2009. Nitro
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