2009 Proceedings of the Cornell Nutrition Conference For Feed ...

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Pereira, J. C., M.D. Carro, J. González, M. R. Alvir, and C. A. Rodríguez. 1998. Rumen degradability and intestinal digestibility of brewers’ grains as affected by origin and heat treatment and of barley rootlets. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 74:107-121. Silván, J. M., J. van de Lagemaat, A. Olano, and M. D. del Castillo. 2006. Analysis and biological properites of amino acid derivatives formed by Maillard reaction in foods. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 41:1543-1551. 27
THE CORNELL NET CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN SYSTEM: CURRENT AND FUTURE APPROACHES FOR BALANCING OF AMINO ACIDS M.E. Van Amburgh, T. R. Overton, L. E. Chase, D. A. Ross and E. B. Recktenwald Department of Animal Science Cornell University INTRODUCTION The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) has been in development for nearly 30 years, and various versions of the CNCPS or implementations of the program (CPM Dairy, AMTS.Cattle, NDS, Dalex) have been used in the dairy industry to evaluate and formulate rations for more than 10 years. The long-term objective of the CNCPS and CPM modeling effort has been to provide a field usable model the accounts for a large proportion of the variation in ration formulation and animal performance and is based on our current understanding of the biology of both growing and lactating cattle. In recent years, the accumulation of information pertaining to amino acid balancing has outpaced our ability to mathematically characterize and model it appropriately. The purpose of this paper is to characterize where we are with metabolizable protein (MP) and amino acid balancing and what aspects of the mathematical description of the biology might enhance our ability to improve the predictions of amino acid requirements and supply. Metabolizable Protein The first step in this process is to ensure that the model is capable of predicting the MP allowable and the most limiting nutrient MP or ME allowable milk with good accuracy and precision. The current CNCPS/CPM Dairy balances for amino acids using a factorial approach based on the amino acid content of the predicted metabolizable protein (MP) supply and the amino acid profile of the tissue and milk. The approach is identical to that described by O’Connor et al. (1993) with many upgrades and modifications to the prediction of MP supply (Fox et al., 1994; Seo et al., 2006; Lanzas et al., 2007a,b; Tylutki et al., 2008). In order to have confidence in the ability of the model to predict AA accurately, the model needs to be able to account for the MP allowable milk with reasonable accuracy and precision. During the development of CNCPS v6.1 (Tylutki et al., 2008; Van Amburgh et al. 2007), we have refined the model to be more sensitive to MP supply and thus more robust in evaluating the most limiting nutrient under field conditions. This has allowed current users to balance diets at crude protein levels below 16% and maintain milk yield to increase overall efficiency of use and in many cases enhance milk protein output. An evaluation of most limiting (ME or MP) is found in Figure 1. Studies and actual farm data are contained in these comparisons and demonstrate that the model is doing a reasonable job in predicting the most limiting nutrient supply, thus this provides us with a reasonable platform from which to start making changes. 28
Page 1 and 2: 2009 Proceedings of the Cornell Nut
Page 3 and 4: 2009 Cornell Nutrition Conference f
Page 5 and 6: Conference Staff, Speakers and Admi
Page 7 and 8: predicted flows of MP. Because they
Page 9 and 10: Figure 1. Revised NRC (2001) Lys an
Page 11 and 12: Figure 3. Lys and Met plots for mil
Page 13 and 14: and AMTS.Cattle (v.2.1.1) models (T
Page 15 and 16: MP on increasing the efficiency of
Page 17 and 18: high cows for both years were very
Page 19 and 20: Garthwaite, B. D., C. G. Schwab, an
Page 21 and 22: CHALLENGES OF PREDICTING METABOLIZA
Page 23 and 24: Figure 1. Chemical structure of lys
Page 25 and 26: Table 1. Blocked RUP-Lys and reacti
Page 27 and 28: and in vitro digestibility. However
Page 29 and 30: Table 4. Results from 265 blood mea
Page 31: ACKNOWLEGEMENTS The data summary of
Page 35 and 36: If this overall value is more appro
Page 37 and 38: mean values for efficiency of use f
Page 39 and 40: efficiency of use of particular AA
Page 41 and 42: Fox, and W. Chalupa.1993. A net car
Page 43 and 44: RECENT RESEARCH WITH LOW-STARCH DIE
Page 45 and 46: Table 1 continued. Dietary content,
Page 47 and 48: Voelker and Allen (2003abc) replace
Page 49 and 50: fermentable starch (3.5%-units) was
Page 51 and 52: monitor the cow’s performance, an
Page 53 and 54: ESTIMATING INTESTINAL DIGESTIBILITY
Page 55 and 56: digestibility within feeds will all
Page 57 and 58: Table 1. Average in vivo AA and RUP
Page 59 and 60: presented in Table 3. Crude protein
Page 61 and 62: human foodstuffs, and originally re
Page 63 and 64: Novus International. 2008. IDEA. Po
Page 65 and 66: the present study was to quantify t
Page 67 and 68: experiments. However, the final wei
Page 69 and 70: This is surprising in view of the c
Page 71 and 72: REFINING NITROGEN FEEDING USING CUR
Page 73 and 74: ecycled urea-N contributed 37.5% of
Page 75 and 76: observed for DMI nor milk measureme
Page 77 and 78: procedure described here contains 8
Page 79 and 80: Table 4. Protozoal predation of bac
Page 81 and 82: Marini, J. C. and M. S. Attene-Ramo
Page 83 and 84:
of digestion. This involves refinem
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three hours was instead used, as an
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Table 1: Comparison between the non
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improve recovery of lignin particle
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a reverse-phase column. Ether-linke
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Figure 3: Relationship between 24hr
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Figure 7: Relationship between 96hr
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Ellis, W. C., M. Mahlooji and J.H.
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EFFECT OF TYPE AND LENGTH OF DIETAR
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intake data, the cattle fed the By-
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cases of the diseases of interest:
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for prediction of disease. The cate
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Table 1. Receiver operator characte
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INTEGRATING NUTRITIONAL AND GROUPIN
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In a study conducted in a similar m
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and 109°F (THI 94) during the stud
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Gonzalez, M., A. K. Yabuta, and F.
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In the past 20 years there has been
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Dinosaur diets The plants eaten by
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Figure 2 A,B,C,D: The relation betw
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of fiber than ruminants while equid
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supports the hypothesis that the fi
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PHIDDLING WITH PHENYLALANINE: INFLU
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competition of large neutral amino
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A mixture of indispensable and semi
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and in other experiments that are n
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Table 4. Growth, feed intakes, PAH
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Lu, J. and R.E. Austic. 2009. Pheny
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During the late 1700s in Europe, th
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of energy and protein nutrition bec
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elated to the involvement of sodium
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In practical nutrition, it is impor
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Johnson, R. A. 1963. Habitat prefer
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INTERPRETING AND IMPLEMENTING STARC
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in starch content and corn silages,
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INTERPRETING AND IMPLEMENTING STARC
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All of the guidelines for starch di
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Feedstuff N DM range IVSD 7 SD Corn
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nonstructural carbohydrate / rumen
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ANALYTICAL METHODS For good estimat
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Larson, J., and P. C. Hoffman. 2008
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Key Data In50 years, the world popu
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With respect to increasing output,
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THE CONSUMER PERSPECTIVE When it co
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they want most in their food, consu
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devastating in poor nations where e
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additive for swine can reduce manur
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DeCamp, S., Hankins, S., Carroll, A
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DEMYSTIFYING THE ENVIRONMENTAL SUST
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The „good old days‟ of dairy pr
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„Grass-fed‟ beef production The
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RECONCILING GLOBAL AND NATIONAL EMI
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production, without negatively impa
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assumed to be produced with similar
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continent by the tractor trailer, a
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REFERENCES Anon. 2006. Road to reco
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http://faostat.fao.org/DesktopDefau
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etail milk supply. The first repres
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eliable recommendations about the h
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nearly identical whereas MUFA was d
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higher trans-11 18:1 and lower cont
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diets varied on organic farms and s
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Jensen, R. G. 1999. Fatty acid prof
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the optimum standing NDF is 38% for
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It is clear that fiber and lignin a
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Figure 3. From: Progressive Dairyma
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AMMONIA EMISSIONS FROM DAIRY BARNS:
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lactating cow’s energy requiremen
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exhaust duct per chamber. Stainless
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(Harper et al., 2009) are significa
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REFERENCES Aillery, M., N. Gollehon
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FEEDING LOW CRUDE PROTEIN RATIONS T
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- There was an increase in % milk t
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formulating rations is a tool routi
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REFERENCES .Higgs, R.J. 2009. Nitro
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