2009 Proceedings of the Cornell Nutrition Conference For Feed ...

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Tedeschi, L. O., A. N. Pell, D. G. Fox and C. R. Llames. 2001. The amino acid profiles of the whole plant and of four plant residues from temperate and tropical forages. J. Animal. Sci. 79:525-532. Tylutki, T.P., D.G. Fox , V.M. Durbal, L.O. Tedeschi, J.B. Russell, M.E. Van Amburgh, T.R. Overton, L.E. Chase, A.N. Pell. 2008. Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System: A model for precision feeding of dairy cattle. Anim. Feed. Sci. Tech. 143:174–202. Van Amburgh, M. E., E. B. Recktenwald, D. A. Ross, T. R. Overton, and L. E. Chase. 2007. Achieving better nitrogen efficiency in lactating dairy cattle: Updating field usable tools to improve nitrogen efficiency. Proc. Cornell Nutr. Conf. Pp 25-37. Dept. of Animal Sci. Cornell Univ., Syracuse, NY. Volden, H., L. T. Mydland, and V. Olaisen. 2002. Apparent ruminal degradation and rumen escape of soluble nitrogen fractions in grass and grass silage administered intraruminally to lactating dairy cows. J. Animal Sci. 80: 2704-2716. Wang, C., J. X. Liu, Z. P. Yuan, Y. M. Wu, S. W. Zhai, and H. W. Ye. 2007. Effect of level of metabolizable protein on milk production and nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci.90: 2960-2965. 37
RECENT RESEARCH WITH LOW-STARCH DIETS FOR LACTATING DAIRY COWS H. M. Dann William H. Miner Agricultural Research Institute INTRODUCTION Common recommendations for dietary starch content (dry matter (DM) basis) for lactating cows are 23 to 30% (Grant, 2005), 24 to 26% (Staples, 2007), and greater than 24% (Shaver, 2008). Surveys of dairy herds that produced more than 12,700 kg of milk per cow per year found that dietary starch content ranged between 15 and 30% (Hall and Van Horn, 2001; Johnson et al., 2002; Shaver and Kaiser, 2004; Chase, 2006). The major source of dietary starch for lactating cows is corn according to the Dairy 2007 survey (USDA, 2008). Corn, oats, barley, and wheat were fed to lactating cows in 94, 18, 14, and 7% of herds, respectively. The price for corn grain as a livestock feed has increased substantially during the past two years. Consequently, lower-starch feeding strategies that minimize the amount of corn may be more profitable than higherstarch diets particularly if lactational performance and ruminal fermentation are not compromised. STRATEGIES TO LOWER THE DIETARY STARCH CONTENT Recently, strategies for formulating lactating cow diets with high corn prices have been suggested and include using less corn grain and using more high-quality forage and byproduct feeds to provide highly digestible neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and nonfiber carbohydrates (Chase, 2007; Knapp, 2007; Staples, 2007; Shaver, 2008). Summarized in Table 1 are the dietary conditions and dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield results of studies on replacement of corn starch with nonforage fiber sources (NFFS) and other carbohydrate sources to yield lower-starch ( 23%) diets. Use of NFFS is a practical way to reduce the dietary starch content while maintaining lactational performance. Batajoo and Shaver (1994) replaced shelled corn and soybean meal with wheat middlings (0 to 9%), dried brewers grains (3 to 20%), and soyhulls (SH; 0 to 9%) to provide alfalfa silage-based diets ranging in starch content from 32.9 to 17.6% to lactating cows. Decreasing the dietary starch content linearly decreased DMI, milk protein content, and milk protein yield, linearly increased milk fat content, ruminal pH, ruminal acetate concentration, ruminal acetate:propionate, and total tract digestibility of NDF and starch, and had no effect on milk yield. In another study (Ipharraguerre et al., 2002), SH (0 to 40%) were used to replace corn grain in alfalfa/corn silage-based diets for mid-lactation cows. There tended to be a linear decrease in DMI as SH replaced corn, but the major decrease in DMI occurred at the 30 and 40% inclusion level of SH. Milk yield tended to decrease at the 40% inclusion level. Milk fat content increased linearly with more SH and less starch. Thus, cows can be fed successfully a 19% starch diet containing up to 30% SH. 38
Page 1 and 2: 2009 Proceedings of the Cornell Nut
Page 3 and 4: 2009 Cornell Nutrition Conference f
Page 5 and 6: Conference Staff, Speakers and Admi
Page 7 and 8: predicted flows of MP. Because they
Page 9 and 10: Figure 1. Revised NRC (2001) Lys an
Page 11 and 12: Figure 3. Lys and Met plots for mil
Page 13 and 14: and AMTS.Cattle (v.2.1.1) models (T
Page 15 and 16: MP on increasing the efficiency of
Page 17 and 18: high cows for both years were very
Page 19 and 20: Garthwaite, B. D., C. G. Schwab, an
Page 21 and 22: CHALLENGES OF PREDICTING METABOLIZA
Page 23 and 24: Figure 1. Chemical structure of lys
Page 25 and 26: Table 1. Blocked RUP-Lys and reacti
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Page 29 and 30: Table 4. Results from 265 blood mea
Page 31 and 32: ACKNOWLEGEMENTS The data summary of
Page 33 and 34: THE CORNELL NET CARBOHYDRATE AND PR
Page 35 and 36: If this overall value is more appro
Page 37 and 38: mean values for efficiency of use f
Page 39 and 40: efficiency of use of particular AA
Page 41: Fox, and W. Chalupa.1993. A net car
Page 45 and 46: Table 1 continued. Dietary content,
Page 47 and 48: Voelker and Allen (2003abc) replace
Page 49 and 50: fermentable starch (3.5%-units) was
Page 51 and 52: monitor the cow’s performance, an
Page 53 and 54: ESTIMATING INTESTINAL DIGESTIBILITY
Page 55 and 56: digestibility within feeds will all
Page 57 and 58: Table 1. Average in vivo AA and RUP
Page 59 and 60: presented in Table 3. Crude protein
Page 61 and 62: human foodstuffs, and originally re
Page 63 and 64: Novus International. 2008. IDEA. Po
Page 65 and 66: the present study was to quantify t
Page 67 and 68: experiments. However, the final wei
Page 69 and 70: This is surprising in view of the c
Page 71 and 72: REFINING NITROGEN FEEDING USING CUR
Page 73 and 74: ecycled urea-N contributed 37.5% of
Page 75 and 76: observed for DMI nor milk measureme
Page 77 and 78: procedure described here contains 8
Page 79 and 80: Table 4. Protozoal predation of bac
Page 81 and 82: Marini, J. C. and M. S. Attene-Ramo
Page 83 and 84: of digestion. This involves refinem
Page 85 and 86: three hours was instead used, as an
Page 87 and 88: Table 1: Comparison between the non
Page 89 and 90: improve recovery of lignin particle
Page 91 and 92: a reverse-phase column. Ether-linke
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Figure 3: Relationship between 24hr
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Figure 7: Relationship between 96hr
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Ellis, W. C., M. Mahlooji and J.H.
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EFFECT OF TYPE AND LENGTH OF DIETAR
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intake data, the cattle fed the By-
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cases of the diseases of interest:
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for prediction of disease. The cate
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Table 1. Receiver operator characte
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INTEGRATING NUTRITIONAL AND GROUPIN
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In a study conducted in a similar m
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and 109°F (THI 94) during the stud
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Gonzalez, M., A. K. Yabuta, and F.
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In the past 20 years there has been
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Dinosaur diets The plants eaten by
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Figure 2 A,B,C,D: The relation betw
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of fiber than ruminants while equid
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supports the hypothesis that the fi
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PHIDDLING WITH PHENYLALANINE: INFLU
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competition of large neutral amino
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A mixture of indispensable and semi
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and in other experiments that are n
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Table 4. Growth, feed intakes, PAH
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Lu, J. and R.E. Austic. 2009. Pheny
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During the late 1700s in Europe, th
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of energy and protein nutrition bec
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elated to the involvement of sodium
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In practical nutrition, it is impor
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Johnson, R. A. 1963. Habitat prefer
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INTERPRETING AND IMPLEMENTING STARC
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in starch content and corn silages,
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INTERPRETING AND IMPLEMENTING STARC
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All of the guidelines for starch di
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Feedstuff N DM range IVSD 7 SD Corn
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nonstructural carbohydrate / rumen
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ANALYTICAL METHODS For good estimat
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Larson, J., and P. C. Hoffman. 2008
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Key Data In50 years, the world popu
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With respect to increasing output,
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THE CONSUMER PERSPECTIVE When it co
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they want most in their food, consu
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devastating in poor nations where e
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additive for swine can reduce manur
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DeCamp, S., Hankins, S., Carroll, A
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DEMYSTIFYING THE ENVIRONMENTAL SUST
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The „good old days‟ of dairy pr
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„Grass-fed‟ beef production The
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RECONCILING GLOBAL AND NATIONAL EMI
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production, without negatively impa
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assumed to be produced with similar
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continent by the tractor trailer, a
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REFERENCES Anon. 2006. Road to reco
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http://faostat.fao.org/DesktopDefau
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etail milk supply. The first repres
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eliable recommendations about the h
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nearly identical whereas MUFA was d
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higher trans-11 18:1 and lower cont
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diets varied on organic farms and s
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Jensen, R. G. 1999. Fatty acid prof
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the optimum standing NDF is 38% for
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It is clear that fiber and lignin a
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Figure 3. From: Progressive Dairyma
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AMMONIA EMISSIONS FROM DAIRY BARNS:
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lactating cow’s energy requiremen
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exhaust duct per chamber. Stainless
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(Harper et al., 2009) are significa
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REFERENCES Aillery, M., N. Gollehon
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FEEDING LOW CRUDE PROTEIN RATIONS T
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- There was an increase in % milk t
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formulating rations is a tool routi
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REFERENCES .Higgs, R.J. 2009. Nitro
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