A CHECKLIST AND CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING DINOFLAGELLATES (DINOFLAGELLATA, ALVEOLATA)
A checklist and classification of the extant dinoflagellates are given. Dinokaryotic dinoflagellates (including Noctilucales) comprised 2,294 species belonging to 238 genera. Dinoflagellates sensu lato (Ellobiopsea, Oxyrrhea, Syndinea and Dinokaryota) comprised 2,377 species belonging to 259 genera. The nomenclature of several taxa has been corrected according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. When gene sequences were available, the species were classified following the Small and Large SubUnit rDNA (SSU and LSU rDNA) phylogenies. No taxonomical innovations are proposed herein. However, the checklist revealed that taxa distantly related to the type species of their genera would need to be placed in a new or another known genus. At present, the most extended molecular markers are unable to elucidate the interrelations between the classical orders, and the available sequences of other markers are still insufficient. The classification of the dinoflagellates remains unresolved, especially at the order level.
A checklist and classification of the extant dinoflagellates are given. Dinokaryotic dinoflagellates (including Noctilucales) comprised 2,294 species belonging to 238 genera. Dinoflagellates sensu lato (Ellobiopsea, Oxyrrhea, Syndinea and Dinokaryota) comprised 2,377 species belonging to 259 genera. The nomenclature of several taxa has been corrected according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. When gene sequences were available, the species were classified following the Small and Large SubUnit rDNA (SSU and LSU rDNA) phylogenies. No taxonomical innovations are proposed herein. However, the checklist revealed that taxa distantly related to the type species of their genera would need to be placed in a new or another known genus. At present, the most extended molecular markers are unable to elucidate the interrelations between the classical orders, and the available sequences of other markers are still insufficient. The classification of the dinoflagellates remains unresolved, especially at the order level.
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78 GÓMEZ<br />
Table 2. Continued.<br />
133<br />
134<br />
Borghiella tenuissima (Lauterborn 1894) Moestrup, Gert Hansen & Daugbjerg 2008 (=Gymnodinium tenuissimum<br />
Lauterborn, Woloszynskia tenuissima (Lauterborn) R.H. Thomps. 1951, ?Gymnodinium lens Fott 1957)<br />
Woloszynskia pascheri (Suchl. 1916) Stosch 1973 (=Glen. pascheri Suchl., Glen. polonicum Wolosz. 1916,<br />
Gymnodinium hiemale Wolosz. 1917, Gym. tatricum Wolosz. 1919, Gym. mirum Utermöhl 1923, Gym. veris Er.<br />
Lindem. 1925, Gyr. silvaticum Er. Lindem. 1925, Gym. undulatum Wolosz. 1925, Gym. hiemale Skvorcov 1927,<br />
Gyr. nivale Er. Lindem. 1929, Gym. skvortzovii J. Schiller 1933, Gym. inversum Nyggard 1949, Dinastridinium<br />
verrucosum Baumeister 1957, Glen. muriaticum Skuja 1964, Gyrodinium pascheri (Suchl.) J. Schiller 1933)<br />
40 Cystodinium G.A. Klebs 1912 (=Gymnocystodinium Baumeister 1957) -type C. cornifax (15 species)<br />
135 Cystodinium acerosum R.H. Thomps. 1984<br />
136 Cystodinium achroum Baumeister 1957<br />
137<br />
Cystodinium bataviense Klebs 1912 (=?C. lunare Pascher 1927, ?Dinococcus oedogonii (P. Richter 1897) Fott<br />
1960)<br />
138 Cystodinium bisetosum (Er. Lindem.1928) Hub.-Pest. 1950 (=Gymnodinium bisetosum Er. Lindem.)<br />
139 Cystodinium closterium Pascher 1927 (=Cystodinium closterium var. crassa Bourr. 1961)<br />
140<br />
Cystodinium cornifax (A.J. Schill. 1891) G.A. Klebs 1912 (=Glenodinium cornifax A.J. Schill., C. iners Geitler<br />
1928, Cystodinedria iners (Geitler 1928) Pascher 1944, C. steinii Klebs 1912, C. schilleri Baumeister 1957, C.<br />
unicorne Klebs 1912, C. steinii var. tenuirostris Wolosz. 1919, C. steinii var. dimidio-minor Baumeister 1957,<br />
Gymnocystodinium iners (Geitler) Baumeister 1957, Gymnocyst. unicorne (Klebs) Baumeister 1958)<br />
141 Cystodinium dirhamphos Baumeister 1957<br />
142 Cystodinium grabenseei Baumeister 1957<br />
143 Cystodinium guttatum Baumeister 1957<br />
144 Cystodinium heterorhamphos Baumeister 1957<br />
145 Cystodinium interspersum Baumeister 1957<br />
146 Cystodinium novaculosum (Baumeister 1939) Hub.-Pest. 1950 (=Gymnodinium novaculosum Baumeister)<br />
147 Cystodinium pallidulum Baumeister 1957<br />
148 Cystodinium papilionaceus Baumeister 1957<br />
149<br />
Cystodinium phaseolus Pascher 1928 (=C. conchaeforme Baumeister 1963, C. hyalinum Pascher 1944, C.<br />
minimum Pascher 1944, C. dominii Fott 1933, C. dimorphe (Baumeister) Hub.-Pest. 1950, Gymnocyst. dimorphe<br />
(Baumeister) Baumeister 1957, Dinorbiculus dimorphus (Baumeister) Baumeister 1968)<br />
150 Dinastridium armata (Baumeister 1957) Bourr. 1970 (=Bourrellyella armata Baumeister)<br />
41 Dinamoebidium Pascher 1916 (=Dinamoeba Pascher 1916) -type D. varians<br />
151 Dinamoebidium coloradense Bursa 1970<br />
152 Dinamoebidium hyperboreum Bursa 1970<br />
153 Dinamoebidium varians (Pascher 1916) Pascher 1916 (=Dinamoeba varians Pascher)<br />
42 Dinoclonium Pascher 1927<br />
154 Dinoclonium conradii Pascher 1927<br />
43 Dinococcus Fott 1960 (=Cystodinium G.A. Klebs 1912, Raciborskia Wolosz. 1919) -type D. bicornis<br />
155 Dinococcus africanum Bourr. 1961<br />
156<br />
Dinococcus bicornis (Wolosz. 1919) Fott 1960 (=Raciborskia bicornis Wolosz., Cystodinium bicorne (Wolosz.)<br />
Hub.-Pest. 1950)<br />
157 Dinococcus incus (Pascher 1932) Fott 1960 (=Raciborskia incus Pascher)<br />
158<br />
Dinococcus oedogonii (P. Richter 1897) Fott 1960 (=R. oedogonii (P. Richter) Pascher 1943, Rhizophydium<br />
oedogonii P. Richter, Cystodinium brevipes Geitler, ?C. bataviense Klebs 1912)<br />
44 Filodinium Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1968<br />
159 Filodinium hovassei Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1968<br />
45 Hypnodinium G.A. Klebs 1912 -type H. sphaericum<br />
160 Hypnodinium asiaticum Skvortzov 1958<br />
161 Hypnodinium lefevrei Bourr. 1987<br />
162 Hypnodinium sphaericum G.A. Klebs 1912<br />
46 Manchudinium Skvortzov 1972 (=Pentadinium Skvortzov 1968)
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