A CHECKLIST AND CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING DINOFLAGELLATES (DINOFLAGELLATA, ALVEOLATA)
A checklist and classification of the extant dinoflagellates are given. Dinokaryotic dinoflagellates (including Noctilucales) comprised 2,294 species belonging to 238 genera. Dinoflagellates sensu lato (Ellobiopsea, Oxyrrhea, Syndinea and Dinokaryota) comprised 2,377 species belonging to 259 genera. The nomenclature of several taxa has been corrected according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. When gene sequences were available, the species were classified following the Small and Large SubUnit rDNA (SSU and LSU rDNA) phylogenies. No taxonomical innovations are proposed herein. However, the checklist revealed that taxa distantly related to the type species of their genera would need to be placed in a new or another known genus. At present, the most extended molecular markers are unable to elucidate the interrelations between the classical orders, and the available sequences of other markers are still insufficient. The classification of the dinoflagellates remains unresolved, especially at the order level.
A checklist and classification of the extant dinoflagellates are given. Dinokaryotic dinoflagellates (including Noctilucales) comprised 2,294 species belonging to 238 genera. Dinoflagellates sensu lato (Ellobiopsea, Oxyrrhea, Syndinea and Dinokaryota) comprised 2,377 species belonging to 259 genera. The nomenclature of several taxa has been corrected according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. When gene sequences were available, the species were classified following the Small and Large SubUnit rDNA (SSU and LSU rDNA) phylogenies. No taxonomical innovations are proposed herein. However, the checklist revealed that taxa distantly related to the type species of their genera would need to be placed in a new or another known genus. At present, the most extended molecular markers are unable to elucidate the interrelations between the classical orders, and the available sequences of other markers are still insufficient. The classification of the dinoflagellates remains unresolved, especially at the order level.
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82 GÓMEZ<br />
Table 2. Continued.<br />
69 Torodinium Kof. & Swezy 1921 -type T. teredo<br />
257 Torodinium robustum Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium teredo F. Schütt 1895 partim)<br />
258<br />
Torodinium teredo (C.H.G. Pouchet 1885) Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Gym. teredo C.H.G. Pouchet, T. robustum Kof. &<br />
Swezy 1921 partim)<br />
Order Gymnodiniales Lemmerm. 1910<br />
Gymnodiniales sensu stricto<br />
Chytriodiniaceae Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1968<br />
70 Chytriodinium Chatton 1912 -type C. roseum<br />
259 Chytriodinium affine (Dogiel 1906) Chatton 1912 (=Gymnodinium affine Dogiel)<br />
260 Chytriodinium parasiticum (Dogiel 1906) Chatton 1912 (=Gymnodinium parasiticum Dogiel)<br />
261<br />
Chytriodinium roseum (Dogiel 1906) Chatton 1912 (=Gymnodinium roseum Dogiel, non Gymnodinium roseum<br />
Lohmann 1908)<br />
71 Dissodinium G.A. Klebs 1916 (=Diplodinium G.A. Klebs 1912, Sporodinium Gönnert 1936) -type D. pseudolunula<br />
262 Dissodinium pseudocalani (Gönnert 1936) Drebes ex Elbr. & Drebes 1978 (=Sporodinium pseudocalani Gönnert)<br />
263<br />
Dissodinium pseudolunula E.V. Swift 1973 (=Pyrocystis margalefii G. Léger 1973, Gym. bicorne Kof. & Swezy<br />
1921, D. bicorne (Kof. & Swezy) F.J.R. Taylor 1976)<br />
72 Myxodinium Cachon, Cachon-Enjumet & Bouquaheux 1969<br />
264 Myxodinium pipiens Cachon, Cachon-Enjumet & Bouquaheux 1969<br />
73 Schizochytriodinium Elbr. 1988<br />
265 Schizochytriodinium calani Elbr. 1988<br />
74 Syltodinium Drebes 1989<br />
266 Syltodinium listi Drebes 1989 (=?Gyrodinium undulans Hulburt 1957)<br />
Gymnodiniaceae Lank. 1885 (incl. Polykrikaceae Kof. & Swezy 1921)<br />
75 Barrufeta N. Sampedro & S. Fraga 2011<br />
267 Barrufeta bravensis N. Sampedro & S. Fraga 2011<br />
76<br />
Gymnodinium F. Stein 1878 (=Gymnocystodinium Baumeister 1957, Rhizodinium Baumeister 1955 ex Loebl. &<br />
A.R. Loebl. 1968) -type G. fuscum (214 species)<br />
268 Amphidinium dentatum Kof. & Swezy 1921<br />
269 Amphidinium latum M. Lebour 1925<br />
270 Amphidinium poecilochroum J. Larsen 1985<br />
271 Amphidinium salinum J. Ruinen 1938<br />
272 Amphidinium truncatum Kof. & Swezy 1921<br />
273 Amphidinium vigrense Wolosz. 1925<br />
274 Gymnocystodinium parthasarathii Ramanathan 1967<br />
275 Gymnodinium absumens J. Schiller 1955<br />
276 Gymnodinium achroum J. Schiller 1955<br />
277 Gymnodinium acuminatum Christen 1954<br />
278 Gymnodinium acutissimum Okolodkov 1997<br />
279 Gymnodinium adriaticum (Schmarda 1846) Kof. & Swezy 1921<br />
280 Gymnodinium aequatoriale Hasle 1960<br />
281<br />
Gymnodinium aeruginosum F. Stein 1883 (=G. dohrnii Wawrik 1956, G. acidotum Nygaard 1949, G. viride Penard<br />
1891, G. capaniforme Popovský 1971)<br />
282 Gymnodinium aesculum Baumeister 1943<br />
283 Gymnodinium aestivale Skvortzov 1968<br />
284 Gymnodinium agaricoides P.H. Campb. 1973<br />
285 Gymnodinium agile Kof. & Swezy 1921 (non G. agile sensu Herdman 1922=Herdmania litoralis J.D. Dodge 1981)<br />
286 Gymnodinium agiliforme J. Schiller 1928<br />
287 Gymnodinium alaskense Bursa 1963
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