A CHECKLIST AND CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING DINOFLAGELLATES (DINOFLAGELLATA, ALVEOLATA)
A checklist and classification of the extant dinoflagellates are given. Dinokaryotic dinoflagellates (including Noctilucales) comprised 2,294 species belonging to 238 genera. Dinoflagellates sensu lato (Ellobiopsea, Oxyrrhea, Syndinea and Dinokaryota) comprised 2,377 species belonging to 259 genera. The nomenclature of several taxa has been corrected according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. When gene sequences were available, the species were classified following the Small and Large SubUnit rDNA (SSU and LSU rDNA) phylogenies. No taxonomical innovations are proposed herein. However, the checklist revealed that taxa distantly related to the type species of their genera would need to be placed in a new or another known genus. At present, the most extended molecular markers are unable to elucidate the interrelations between the classical orders, and the available sequences of other markers are still insufficient. The classification of the dinoflagellates remains unresolved, especially at the order level.
A checklist and classification of the extant dinoflagellates are given. Dinokaryotic dinoflagellates (including Noctilucales) comprised 2,294 species belonging to 238 genera. Dinoflagellates sensu lato (Ellobiopsea, Oxyrrhea, Syndinea and Dinokaryota) comprised 2,377 species belonging to 259 genera. The nomenclature of several taxa has been corrected according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. When gene sequences were available, the species were classified following the Small and Large SubUnit rDNA (SSU and LSU rDNA) phylogenies. No taxonomical innovations are proposed herein. However, the checklist revealed that taxa distantly related to the type species of their genera would need to be placed in a new or another known genus. At present, the most extended molecular markers are unable to elucidate the interrelations between the classical orders, and the available sequences of other markers are still insufficient. The classification of the dinoflagellates remains unresolved, especially at the order level.
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80 GÓMEZ<br />
Table 2. Continued.<br />
191 Pelagodinium bei (Spero 1987) Siano, Montresor, Probert & de Vargas 2010 (=Gymnodinium bei Spero) (`beii´)<br />
57 Protodinium Lohmann 1908 -type P. simplex<br />
192 Gymnodinium pygmaeum M. Lebour 1925<br />
193 Protodinium neapolitanum J. Schiller 1928<br />
194 Protodinium oestianum Braarud 1935<br />
195<br />
Protodinium simplex Lohmann 1908 (=Gymnodinium simplex (Lohmann 1908) Kof. & Swezy 1921, non G. simplex<br />
P.A. Dangeard 1939)<br />
58 Symbiodinium Freud. 1962 -type S. microadriaticum (15 species)<br />
196 Symbiodinium bermudense R.K. Trench 1993<br />
197 Symbiodinium californicum LaJeunesse & R.K. Trench 2000<br />
198 Symbiodinium cariborum R.K. Trench 1993<br />
199 Symbiodinium corculorum R.K. Trench 1993<br />
200 Symbiodinium fittii B.K. Baillie, C.A. Belda-Baillie & T. Maruyama 2000 `?fitti´<br />
201 Symbiodinium goreaui R.K. Trench & R.J. Blank 1987 ex R.K. Trench 2000<br />
202 Symbiodinium kawagutii R.K. Trench & R.J. Blank 1987 ex R.K. Trench 2000<br />
203<br />
Symbiodinium linucheae (R.K. Trench & L.V. Thinh 1995) LaJeunesse 2001 (=Gymnodinium linucheae R.K.<br />
Trench & L.V. Thinh)<br />
204 Symbiodinium meandrinae R.K. Trench 1993<br />
205<br />
Symbiodinium microadriaticum Freud. 1962 (=Gymnodinium microadriaticum (Freud.) D.L. Taylor 1971,<br />
Zooxanthella microadriatica (Freud.) A.R. Loebl. & J.L. Sherley 1979)<br />
206 Symbiodinium muscatinei LaJeunesse & R.K. Trench 2000<br />
207 Symbiodinium natans Gert Hansen & Daugbjerg 2009<br />
208 Symbiodinium pilosum R.K. Trench & R.J. Blank 1987 ex R.K. Trench 2000<br />
209 Symbiodinium pulchrorum R.K. Trench 1993<br />
210 Symbiodinium tridacnorum Hollande & Carré 1975<br />
Order of Akashiwo<br />
Family of Akashiwo<br />
59 Akashiwo Gert Hansen & Moestrup 2000<br />
211<br />
Akashiwo sanguinea (Hirasaka 1924) Gert Hansen & Moestrup 2000 (=Gymnodinium sanguineum Hirasaka,<br />
Gymnodinium splendens M. Lebour 1925, G. nelsonii G.W. Martin 1929)<br />
Order Brachidiniales A.R. Loebl. 1982 ex Sournia 1984<br />
Brachidiniaceae Sournia 1972 (incl. Kareniaceae Bergholtz & al. 2006)<br />
212 Cochlodinium convolutum Kof. & Swezy 1921<br />
60 Asterodinium Sournia 1972 (=?Brachidinium F.J.R. Taylor 1963) -type A. gracile<br />
213 Asterodinium gracile Sournia 1972<br />
214 Asterodinium libanum Abboud-Abi Saab 1989<br />
215 Asterodinium spinosum Sournia 1972<br />
61<br />
Brachidinium F.J.R. Taylor 1963 (=?Karenia Gert Hansen & Moestrup 2000, non Bacchidinium R.J. Davey 1979)<br />
-type B. capitatum<br />
216 Brachidinium brevipes Sournia 1972<br />
217 Brachidinium capitatum F.J.R. Taylor 1963<br />
218 Brachidinium catenatum F.J.R. Taylor 1967<br />
219 Brachidinium taylorii Sournia 1972<br />
62 Gynogonadinium F. Gómez 2007<br />
220 Gynogonadinium aequatoriale F. Gómez 2007<br />
63<br />
Karenia Gert Hansen & Moestrup 2000 (=?Brachidinium F.J.R. Taylor 1963, non Karenia Wei & Zhang) -type K.<br />
brevis (13 species)<br />
221 Karenia asterichroma de Salas, Bolch & Hallegr. 2004
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