A CHECKLIST AND CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING DINOFLAGELLATES (DINOFLAGELLATA, ALVEOLATA)
A checklist and classification of the extant dinoflagellates are given. Dinokaryotic dinoflagellates (including Noctilucales) comprised 2,294 species belonging to 238 genera. Dinoflagellates sensu lato (Ellobiopsea, Oxyrrhea, Syndinea and Dinokaryota) comprised 2,377 species belonging to 259 genera. The nomenclature of several taxa has been corrected according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. When gene sequences were available, the species were classified following the Small and Large SubUnit rDNA (SSU and LSU rDNA) phylogenies. No taxonomical innovations are proposed herein. However, the checklist revealed that taxa distantly related to the type species of their genera would need to be placed in a new or another known genus. At present, the most extended molecular markers are unable to elucidate the interrelations between the classical orders, and the available sequences of other markers are still insufficient. The classification of the dinoflagellates remains unresolved, especially at the order level.
A checklist and classification of the extant dinoflagellates are given. Dinokaryotic dinoflagellates (including Noctilucales) comprised 2,294 species belonging to 238 genera. Dinoflagellates sensu lato (Ellobiopsea, Oxyrrhea, Syndinea and Dinokaryota) comprised 2,377 species belonging to 259 genera. The nomenclature of several taxa has been corrected according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. When gene sequences were available, the species were classified following the Small and Large SubUnit rDNA (SSU and LSU rDNA) phylogenies. No taxonomical innovations are proposed herein. However, the checklist revealed that taxa distantly related to the type species of their genera would need to be placed in a new or another known genus. At present, the most extended molecular markers are unable to elucidate the interrelations between the classical orders, and the available sequences of other markers are still insufficient. The classification of the dinoflagellates remains unresolved, especially at the order level.
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LIST <strong>AND</strong> <strong>CLASSIFICATION</strong> <strong>OF</strong> <strong>LIVING</strong> DIN<strong>OF</strong>LAGELLATES<br />
135<br />
Table 2. Continued.<br />
2176<br />
Neoceratium recurvatum (Schröd. 1906) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. deflexum var.<br />
recurvatum (Schröd.) Jørg. 1911)<br />
2177 Neoceratium reflexum (Cleve 1900) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. reflexum Cleve)<br />
2178 Neoceratium schrankii (Kof. 1907) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. schrankii Kof.)<br />
2179<br />
Neoceratium schroeteri (Schröd. 1906) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. schroeteri Schröd., non<br />
C. schroederi D.S. Nie 1936)<br />
2180 Neoceratium setaceum (Jørg. 1911) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. setaceum Jørg.)<br />
2181<br />
2182<br />
2183<br />
Neoceratium symmetricum (Pavill. 1905) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. symmetricum Pavill.,<br />
C. coarctatum Pavill. 1905)<br />
Neoceratium tasmaniae (E.J.F. Wood 1963) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. tasmaniae E.J.F.<br />
Wood)<br />
Neoceratium tenue (Ostenf. & Johannes Schmidt 1901) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. tenue<br />
(Ostenf. & Johannes Schmidt 1901) Jørg. 1911)<br />
2184 Neoceratium teres (Kof. 1907) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. teres Kof.)<br />
2185<br />
2186<br />
Neoceratium trichoceros (Ehrenb. 1860) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. trichoceros (Ehrenb.)<br />
Kof. 1908, C. flagelliferum Cleve 1900)<br />
Neoceratium tripos (O.F. Müller 1777) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. tripos (O.F. Müller)<br />
Nitzsch 1817, C. schroederi D.S. Nie 1936, C. neglectum Ostenf. 1903)<br />
2187 Neoceratium uncinus (Sournia 1972) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. uncinus Sournia)<br />
2188<br />
Neoceratium vultur (Cleve 1900) F. Gómez, D. Moreira & P. López-García 2009 (=C. vultur Cleve, C. sumatranum<br />
(G. Karst. 1907) Jørg. 1911, C. recurvum (Jørg.) P. Reinecke 1973)<br />
Goniodomataceae Er. Lindem. 1928 (incl. Ostreopsidaceae Er. Lindem. 1928, Triadiniaceae J.D. Dodge 1981,<br />
Yeseviidae Özdikmen 2009, Centrodiniaceae Hernández-Becerril et al. 2010)<br />
Subfamily of Goniodoma<br />
237 Gambierdiscus Adachi & Fukuyo 1979 -type G. toxicus (11 species)<br />
2189 Gambierdiscus australes M. Chinain & M.A. Faust 1999<br />
2190 Gambierdiscus belizeanus M.A. Faust 1995<br />
2191 Gambierdiscus caribaeus M.W. Vandersea, R.W. Litaker, M.A. Faust, S.R. Kibler, W.C. Holland & P.A. Tester 2009<br />
2192 Gambierdiscus carolinianus R.W. Litaker, Vandersea, M.A. Faust, S.R. Kibler, W.C. Holland & P.A. Tester 2009<br />
2193 Gambierdiscus carpenteri S.R. Kibler, R.W. Litaker, M.A. Faust, W.C. Holland, M.W. Vandersea & P.A. Tester 2009<br />
2194 Gambierdiscus excentricus S. Fraga 2011<br />
2195 Gambierdiscus pacificus M. Chinain & M.A. Faust 1999<br />
2196 Gambierdiscus polynesiensis M. Chinain & M.A. Faust 1999<br />
2197 Gambierdiscus ruetzleri M.A. Faust, R.W. Litaker, M.W. Vandersea, S.R. Kibler, M.J. Holland & P.A. Tester 2009<br />
2198 Gambierdiscus toxicus Adachi & Fukuyo 1979<br />
2199 Gambierdiscus yasumotoi M.J. Holmes 1998<br />
238<br />
2200<br />
Goniodoma F. Stein 1883 (=Triadinium J.D. Dodge 1981, Heteraulacus Diesing 1850, Triadinium J.D. Dodge<br />
1981, Yesevius Özdikmen 2009) -type G. acuminatum<br />
Goniodoma acuminatum (Ehrenb. 1838) F. Stein 1883 (=Peridinium acuminatum Ehrenb., non Peridinium<br />
polyedricum C.H.G. Pouchet 1883)<br />
2201 Goniodoma crassum Kof. & J.R. Michener 1911<br />
2202<br />
2203<br />
Goniodoma polyedricum (C.H.G. Pouchet 1883) Jørg. 1899 (=Peridinium polyedricum C.H.G. Pouchet, Triadinium<br />
polyedricum (C.H.G. Pouchet) J.D. Dodge 1981, Goniodoma acuminata F. Stein 1883 partim, non Peridinium<br />
acuminatum Ehrenb. 1838)<br />
Goniodoma sphaericum G. Murray & Whitting 1899 (=T. sphaericum (G. Murray & Whitting) J.D. Dodge 1981, H.<br />
sphaericum (G. Murray & Whitting) A.R. Loebl. 1970)<br />
Subfamily of Ostreopsis<br />
239<br />
2204<br />
2205<br />
Alexandrium Halim (=Protogonyaulax F.J.R. Taylor 1976, Gessnerium Halim 1967 ex Halim 1969) -type A.<br />
minutum (30 species)<br />
Alexandrium acatenella (Whedon & Kof. 1936) Balech 1985 (=G. acatenella Whedon & Kof., Protogonyaulax<br />
acatenella (Whedon & Kof.) F.J.R. Taylor 1979)<br />
Alexandrium affine (H. Inoue & Fukuyo 1985) Balech 1985 (=A. fukuyoi Balech 1985, Protogonyaulax affinis H.<br />
Inoue & Fukuyo)
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