A CHECKLIST AND CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING DINOFLAGELLATES (DINOFLAGELLATA, ALVEOLATA)
A checklist and classification of the extant dinoflagellates are given. Dinokaryotic dinoflagellates (including Noctilucales) comprised 2,294 species belonging to 238 genera. Dinoflagellates sensu lato (Ellobiopsea, Oxyrrhea, Syndinea and Dinokaryota) comprised 2,377 species belonging to 259 genera. The nomenclature of several taxa has been corrected according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. When gene sequences were available, the species were classified following the Small and Large SubUnit rDNA (SSU and LSU rDNA) phylogenies. No taxonomical innovations are proposed herein. However, the checklist revealed that taxa distantly related to the type species of their genera would need to be placed in a new or another known genus. At present, the most extended molecular markers are unable to elucidate the interrelations between the classical orders, and the available sequences of other markers are still insufficient. The classification of the dinoflagellates remains unresolved, especially at the order level.
A checklist and classification of the extant dinoflagellates are given. Dinokaryotic dinoflagellates (including Noctilucales) comprised 2,294 species belonging to 238 genera. Dinoflagellates sensu lato (Ellobiopsea, Oxyrrhea, Syndinea and Dinokaryota) comprised 2,377 species belonging to 259 genera. The nomenclature of several taxa has been corrected according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. When gene sequences were available, the species were classified following the Small and Large SubUnit rDNA (SSU and LSU rDNA) phylogenies. No taxonomical innovations are proposed herein. However, the checklist revealed that taxa distantly related to the type species of their genera would need to be placed in a new or another known genus. At present, the most extended molecular markers are unable to elucidate the interrelations between the classical orders, and the available sequences of other markers are still insufficient. The classification of the dinoflagellates remains unresolved, especially at the order level.
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92 GÓMEZ<br />
Table 2. Continued.<br />
95 Cochlodinium F. Schütt 1896 sensu stricto (heterotrophic species) -type C. strangulatum (21 species)<br />
651 Cochlodinium achromaticum M. Lebour 1925<br />
652 Cochlodinium archimedes (C.H.G. Pouchet 1883) Lemmerm. 1899 (=Gymnodinium archimedes C.H.G. Pouchet)<br />
653 Cochlodinium atromaculatum Kof. & Swezy 1921 (non Nematodinium atromaculatum Kof. 1931)<br />
654 Cochlodinium brandtii A. Wulff 1916 (=C. angustum Kof. & Swezy 1921)<br />
655 Cochlodinium cavatum Kof. & Swezy 1921<br />
656 Cochlodinium cereum Kof. & Swezy 1921<br />
657 Cochlodinium citron Kof. & Swezy 1921<br />
658 Cochlodinium clarissimum Kof. & Swezy 1921<br />
659 Cochlodinium cnidophorum Biecheler 1939<br />
660 Cochlodinium conspiratum Kof. & Swezy 1921<br />
661 Cochlodinium constrictum (F. Schütt 1895) Lemmerm. 1899 (=Gymnodinium constrictum F. Schütt)<br />
662 Cochlodinium elongatum Kof. & Swezy 1921<br />
663 Cochlodinium faurei Kof. & Swezy 1921<br />
664 Cochlodinium miniatum Kof. & Swezy 1921<br />
665 Cochlodinium pellucidum Lohmann 1908<br />
666 Cochlodinium pirum (F. Schütt 1895) Lemmerm. 1899 (=Gymnodinium pirum F. Schütt)<br />
667 Cochlodinium pulchellum M. Lebour 1917<br />
668 Cochlodinium pupa M. Lebour 1925<br />
669 Cochlodinium semistriatum Elbr. 1979<br />
670 Cochlodinium strangulatum (F. Schütt 1895) F. Schütt 1896 (=Gymnodinium strangulatum F. Schütt)<br />
671 Cochlodinium volutum Kof. & Swezy 1921<br />
96 Cochlodinium (chloroplast-containing species) (15 species)<br />
672 Cochlodinium catenatum Okamura 1916<br />
673 Cochlodinium flavum Kof. 1931 (non Gymnodinium flavum Kof. & Swezy 1921, non Gyrodinium flavum Kof. 1931)<br />
674 Cochlodinium fulvescens M. Iwataki, H. Kawami & Matsuoka 2007<br />
675 Cochlodinium geminatum (F. Schütt 1895) F. Schütt 1896 (=Gymnodinium geminatum F. Schütt)<br />
676 Cochlodinium helicoides M. Lebour 1925 (=C. helix F. Schütt 1895 partim, Cochlodinium helix Kof. & Swezy 1921)<br />
677<br />
Cochlodinium helix (C.H.G. Pouchet 1887) Lemmerm. 1899 (=Gymnodinium helix C.H.G. Pouchet, Gymnodinium<br />
helix F. Schütt 1895)<br />
678 Cochlodinium lebouriae Kof. & Swezy 1921<br />
679 Cochlodinium polykrikoides Margalef 1961 (=C. heterolobatum E.S. Silva 1967)<br />
680 Cochlodinium radiatum Kof. & Swezy 1921<br />
681 Cochlodinium rosaceum Kof. & Swezy 1921<br />
682<br />
Cochlodinium schuettii Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Gymnodinium helix F. Schütt 1895 partim, non G. helix C.H.G.<br />
Pouchet 1887)<br />
683 Cochlodinium scintillans Kof. & Swezy 1921<br />
684 Cochlodinium turbineum Kof. & Swezy 1921<br />
685 Cochlodinium vinctum Kof. & Swezy 1921<br />
686 Cochlodinium virescens Kof. & Swezy 1921<br />
Order Gymnodiniales sensu lato, Gyrodinium sensu stricto<br />
97 Ceratodinium W. Conrad 1926<br />
687 Ceratodinium asymmetricum W. Conrad 1926 (=Gymnodinium massartii (W. Conrad) J. Schiller 1932)<br />
98 Gyrodinium Kof. & Swezy 1921 (=Spirodinium F. Schütt 1896) -type G. spirale (153 species)<br />
688 Cochlodinium distortum Kof. & Swezy 1921<br />
689 Gymnodinium achromaticum M. Lebour 1917<br />
690 Gymnodinium alaskense Bursa 1963<br />
691 Gymnodinium allophron J. Larsen 1994
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