The Materiality of Death - mikroarkeologi.se

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Arkeologisk museum i Stavanger. OESTIGAARD, T. 2005. Death and Life-giving Waters – Cremation, Caste, and Cosmogony in Karmic Traditions. Oxford: BAR International Series 1353. OESTIGAARD, T. 2006. Introduksjon til variasjon i gravskikk. In T. OESTIGAARD (ed.). Lik og ulik. Tilnærminger til variasjon i gravskikk: 9- 36. Bergen: UBAS Nordisk 2. OESTIGAARD, T. and GOLDHAHN, J. 2006. From the dead to the living: death as transactions and renegotiations. Norwegian Archaeological Review, Vol. 39, No. 1, 2006:27-48. O’FLAHERTY, W. D. 1995. Foreword. In Lévi-Strauss, C. Myth and Meaning: vii-xv. New York: Schocken Books. RANDERS, K. 1988 Sakrishaugen på Voss. Report (unpublished). Bergen: Historisk museum, Universitetet i Bergen. RAPPAPORT, R. A. 2001. Ritual and religion in the making of humanity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. RINGSTAD, B. 1988. Ein Webschwert der Völkerwanderungszeit mit Entrelacs- Ornamentik aus Kvåle, Sogndal, Westnorwegen. Offa 1988. 145-158. SHETELIG, H. 1912. Vestlandske graver fra jernalderen. Bergen: Bergens Museums Skrifter, SHETELIG, H. 1917 Nye jernaldersfund paa Vestlandet. Bergen Museum Årbok 1916-17:2. TRIGGER, B. 2003. Understanding Early Civilizations. A Comparative Study. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. Table 1. Graves within the same cist Byrkjehaugen B6227: Bottom grave Grave in the middle section Top grave Hove, B6691 Bottom grave Grave in the middle section Top grave Inhumation: Iron weaving sword, beads, fragment of clasp, sherds from a bucket shaped pot, resin calking from a wooden vessel, bone items, among these a skin knife. Fragments of textiles. Human bones with fragments of the scull. Cremation: a layer, 25-30 cm thick, of coal and burned bone: Fragments of clasps, bronze pins and a silver ring, fragments of a leather belt with bronze belt ring and mountings and iron buckle, fragments of a comb of bone, flat bone pins, bone skin knife, spinning wheel, belt- and whet stone and bucket shaped pot. 60 small rivets and 12 iron nails, probably from a small boat. Burned bone (mixed with coal): human: several individuals, among them a young female. 14 bear claws and bones from a dog. Inhumation: Spearhead, firestone and a strike a light, knife, birch bark box and a bucket shaped pot. Human bones: Fragments of teeth. (fragmented find?) Inhumation: fragments of textiles, silver and bronze brooches, iron belt ring, knife, scissors, key, clay pots and wooden vessels, fragments of a casket and two bone combs. No bones preserved. Cremation: bone items: comb, pins, skin knife, spoon, arrow heads, bronze fragments (all burned). Bones: burned, clean bones without coals from two or more individuals. 26 bear claws (from more than one bear skin). Inhumation: arrowheads, buckle, iron ring and awl (strike a light?), bucket shaped pot and resin calking from a wooden vessel. Table 2.Graves within the same mound Sakrishaugen, Grave I (in large cist) B14491 Grave II (grave below the cist) B14492 Inhumation: spinning wheel, clasp button, sherds of bucket shaped pot (fragmented find). Human bones: 5 fragments. In addition 10 fragments of human bone just beneath the cist. Cremation: a layer (10 cm thick, diameter 1,7m) of coal and burned bone: two bucket shaped pots, bone comb, bronze- and iron fragments. Burned bones, mixed with coals: 120g (the bones). Grave III (grave under Cremation: a layer (8-10cm thick, diameter 1-1,5 m) of coal and burned bone: Fragment of older cairn) bone comb, silver fibulae, sherds of clay pot, bronze- and iron fragments. Burned bones, mixed with coals: 60g (the bones). Kvåle Cremation: bronze brooch, belt accessories, bucket shaped pot, handled pot, bone gamingpieces. Grave in coal layer and pit: B13955-56 Burned, human bones. Bear claws. Grave in cist: B13954 Inhumation: various silver and bronze brooches, clasps and pins, bronze spinning wheel, 138
fragmented spindles, iron weaving swords, iron skin knives, various vessels of glass, clay and wood, wooden chest, a collection of tiny silver masks and different remedies, originally probably in a leather pouch: round, egg-shaped stones, mica, two small discs of glass - one with an eyelet, a ball of clay and a Stone Age adze. Human bones: Young female and a girl about 10 years. Bondehaugen B6756 Grave in small cist of flagstones and cremation patch Grave in a wooden bucket on a flagstone Grave on a flagstone without container Grave in cist of flagstones Cremation: comb, dice and gaming-pieces of bone, shards of three clay vessels. Burned bones without coal mixing. Bear claws: 10. Cremation: Bone pins, comb and fragments of other bone objects, shard of a bucket shaped pot. Burned, cleaned bones. Bear claw:1. Cremation: bone pins, comb and skin knives. Burned, cleaned bones. Inhumation: bronze brooches, silver pins, belt ring, bronze, knife and key of iron, bucket shaped pot, resin calking from a wooden vessel. Table 3. Graves within the same settlement unit Modvo B11432 Mound with cremation B11430-31 Mound with two parallel cists of stones and flagstones Cremation with bones spread over a 2,3-2,5m area: shard of a clay pot and flat bone pin. Burned, cleaned human bones: 987 g: 928 human with most of the skeleton represented, probably of a young adult (25-35 years old). Burned animal bones: 59g. Inhumation: Weapon (sword, lance, shield boss and handle), brooch, belt buckle and belt ring, bronze, girdle stone, quartz, fragments of girdle box, wood, strike a light, knifes and belt buckle, iron, clay vessel. Human bones: Fragments of teeth from an adult, 25-40 years old. Inhumation grave: Weapon: lance, spear-head, and fragments of a shield handle, iron; belt buckle, ring, mountings and strap end bronze; clay vessel. Brooches, beads of glass and amber, clay spinning whorl, knifes, key and belt buckle, iron; resin for 3 wooden vessels, clay vessel. Dr.art Siv Kristoffersen works at the Archaeological Museum in Stavanger, Norway, and she has specialised on the Migration period. Email: siv1kr@ark.museum.no Dr.art Terje Oestigaard works at UNIFOB-Global, University of Bergen, Norway, and he has a particular interest on cremation. Email: terje.ostigard@global.uib.no 139
Page 1 and 2:
The Materiality of Death Bodies, bu
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Contents Chapter 1. The Materiality
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Fig. 1. Pieter Bruegel, The Triumph
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ather one has to emphasise the mate
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dead are often regarded as unfriend
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Fig 3. The old man Tei Tetuna by hi
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The Materiality of Social Change: H
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The Materiality of Eternity - The A
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FAHLANDER, F. & OESTIGAARD, T. 2004
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Susanne Kuechler-Fogden, Webb Keane
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Chapter 2 More than Metaphor: Appro
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discuss death and the treatment of
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had to deal with. This is not to sa
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hide that could be removed to expos
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pp111-123. Philadelphia: University
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Chapter 3 A Piece of the Mesolithic
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The main point is that the division
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A Piece of the Mesolithic: Skatehol
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question we need to construct some
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Fig. 4. Skateholm I (above) and Ska
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visible many years after the origin
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Phase Area Properties Interpretatio
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phase of one site with a contempora
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MILNER, N. & WOODMAN, P. 2005. Meso
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with dead people belonging to other
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Fig. 2. Due to the extraordinaire c
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As with all cremations in Hinduism,
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Based on the amount of scattered bo
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To have an ethical approach involve
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Chapter 5 From Corpse to Ancestor:
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Figure 2. Isola Sacra, Tomb 100. Ph
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Figure 4. Isola Sacra, Tomb 87. Pho
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69 Burials
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through careful recording of the or
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Figure 4: Pencraig Hill: Distributi
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focussed on use of partial sets of
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Chapter 7 Ritual and Remembrance at
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urial (tomba a doppio loculo tipo M
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‘original’ walls of the tomb. L
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chambers cut into two earlier trenc
Page 91: Madison: Prehistory Press, Monograp
Page 94 and 95: Well-organized cemeteries or messy
Page 96 and 97: influenced who was buried inside th
Page 98 and 99: it was quite short, which could ind
Page 100 and 101: References ARTELIUS, TORE 2004. Min
Page 103 and 104: Chapter 9 Life and Death in the Bro
Page 105 and 106: Fig. 5.1. Cremation necropolis at P
Page 107 and 108: place. These burials were very simp
Page 109 and 110: Chapter 10 Norwegian Face-Urns: Loc
Page 111 and 112: The recurring themes in the debate
Page 113 and 114: The local context of the Norwegian
Page 115 and 116: Death is the inevitable conclusion
Page 117 and 118: OESTIGAARD, T. 1999. Cremations as
Page 119 and 120: Chapter 11 The Use of Ochre in Ston
Page 121 and 122: Ochre was used so intensively that
Page 123 and 124: Fig. 5. Zvejnieki burial ground. Th
Page 125 and 126: grave has been dated to 5690±45 BP
Page 127 and 128: Khanty of northern Siberia, the col
Page 129 and 130: 125 Beliefs
Page 131 and 132: Chapter 12 ”Death Myths”: Perfo
Page 133 and 134: Variation within the same cist Bø,
Page 135 and 136: Variation within the same mound Lyd
Page 137 and 138: Figures 6 and 7. Modvo, Luster muni
Page 139 and 140: To what extent there have been corr
Page 141: when they die, a probable explanati
Page 145 and 146: Chapter 13 Reproduction and Relocat
Page 147 and 148: may be questioned, and analysed mor
Page 149 and 150: References Andersson, G. 1997: A st
Page 151 and 152: Chapter 14 A Road for the Viking’
Page 153 and 154: Figure 2. The Jarlabanke Bridge tha
Page 155 and 156: Chapter 15 A Road to the Other Side
Page 157 and 158: Fig. 4. Clearing the bridge on an e
Page 159 and 160: Chapter 16 Stones and Bones: The My
Page 161 and 162: Fig. 4. An Iron Age scene at Sylta
Page 163 and 164: Fig. 7. The resemblance between cru
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