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Seepage Modeling with SEEP/W - GeoStudio 2007 version 7.22

Seepage Modeling with SEEP/W - GeoStudio 2007 version 7.22

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Table of Contents<br />

<strong>SEEP</strong>/W<br />

Activation values ....................................................................................................... 110<br />

Spatial function for the initial conditions ................................................................... 111<br />

No initial condition .................................................................................................... 111<br />

6.3 Time stepping - temporal integration 111<br />

Finite element temporal integration formulation ....................................................... 112<br />

Problems <strong>with</strong> time step sizes .................................................................................. 112<br />

General rules for setting time steps .......................................................................... 113<br />

Adaptive time stepping ............................................................................................. 113<br />

6.4 Staged / multiple analyses 114<br />

6.5 Axisymmetric 114<br />

6.6 Plan view (confined aquifer only) 115<br />

7 Functions in <strong>GeoStudio</strong> .................................................................. 118<br />

7.1 Spline functions 118<br />

Slopes of spline functions ......................................................................................... 119<br />

7.2 Linear functions 120<br />

7.3 Step functions 120<br />

7.4 Closed form curve fits for water content functions 121<br />

7.5 Add-in functions 121<br />

7.6 Spatial functions 121<br />

8 Numerical Issues ............................................................................ 123<br />

8.1 Convergence 123<br />

Significant figures ..................................................................................................... 124<br />

Minimum difference .................................................................................................. 124<br />

8.2 Evaluating convergence 124<br />

Mesh view ................................................................................................................. 124<br />

Graphs ...................................................................................................................... 125<br />

Commentary ............................................................................................................. 127<br />

8.3 Under-relaxation 127<br />

8.4 Gauss integration order 127<br />

8.5 Equation solvers (direct or parallel direct) 128<br />

8.6 Time stepping 129<br />

Estimating a starting time step size .......................................................................... 129<br />

Time steps too small ................................................................................................. 129<br />

9 Flow nets, seepage forces, and exit gradients ................................ 131<br />

9.1 Flow nets 131<br />

Page iv

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