Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS): Arabic - Vacau

General Health Questionnaire-12:
Italian
SOURCE PUBLICATION:
Fontanesi, F., Gobetti, C., Zimmermann-Tansella, Ch., & Tansella, A. (1985)
Validation of the Italian version of the GHQ in a general practice setting.
Psychological Medicine, 15, 411-415.
CONTACT:
Copyright holder. No cost associated with the use of this instrument.
COPYRIGHT:
Mirella Ruggeri (mirella.ruggeri@univr.it) and Michele Tansella
(mirella.ruggeri@univr.it), Department of Medicine and Public Health, University of
Verona, Section of Psychiatry, Ospedale Policlinico, 37134 Verona, Italy.
Web page: http://medicina.univr.it/-psymed/index.html
POPULATION FOR WHICH THIS VERSION WAS TRIALED:
Two samples taken from northern Italy. The first consisted of males (18 yrs old)
undergoing medical examination in preparation for military service. The second
consisted of patients attending a general practice.
PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES:
• Face validity: Very good evidence of face validity reported in two
studies.
• Construct validity: Unacceptable factor analytic evidence of construct
validity reported in an all male sample.
• Concurrent validity: This study showed marginal evidence to suggest
the existence of two subscales representing:
(a) anxiety and depression (labelled ‘general dysphoria’); and,
(b) the ability to deal and cope with everyday activities and problems
(labelled ‘social dysfunction’).
These two subscales showed poor concurrent validity with the Italian
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.
• Diagnostic validity: One study suggests the overall diagnostic
accuracy of the two sub scales, ‘general dysphoria’ and ‘social
dysfunction’ was generally poor, although the ‘general dysphoria’
subscale showed superior diagnostic accuracy and was able to
47