Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS): Arabic - Vacau

General Health Questionnaire (GHQ):
CHINESE DIALECTS
POPULATION FOR WHICH THIS VERSION WAS TRIALED:
In Hong Kong - Psychiatric patients, secondary teachers, university undergraduates,
and secondary students.
In Manchester, United Kingdom - Primary health care patients.
PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES
• Validity: Unknown.
• Diagnostic validity: For GHQ-30 in Standard Modern Chinese only: Pan
and Goldberg (1990) reported good diagnostic accuracy (AUC) in one study
of Cantonese primary care patients in Manchester United Kingdom.
Additional evidence required.
• Sensitivity and specificity: Average sensitivity and specificity were also
reported for the same UK sample. Additional evidence required.
• Internal consistency: For GHQ- 28, varying internal consistencies
reported in one study using multiple samples taken from Hong Kong.
Internal consistency of subscale scores ranged from unacceptable to poor
in scores taken from university undergraduates and secondary students.
However, subscale scores showed poor to good internal consistency in
teachers and psychiatric patients. Additional evidence required. No
evidence of internal consistency for GHQ-30.
• Responsiveness to change: Unknown.
SPECIAL NOTES:
Pan and Goldberg (1990) report promising diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and
specificity in a sample of Cantonese speaking primary care patients in Greater
Manchester, United Kingdom. Note that the authors did not find any significant
difference in the diagnostic accuracy between the CHQ-12 and the Chinese
version of the GHQ-12. Pan and Goldberg provide a useful discussion of problems
associated with the verbal presentation of the GHQ when administered to
Cantonese participants.
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