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122 Chapter 3 Exploring Linux Filesystems Figure 3-4 The gedit text editor Source: Course Technology/Cengage Learning Chapter Summary Key Terms ■ The Linux filesystem is arranged hierarchically using a series of directories to store files. The location of these directories and files can be described using absolute or relative pathnames. ■ The Linux filesystem can contain many types of files, such as text files, binary data, executable programs, directories, linked files, and special device files. ■ The ls command can be used to view filenames and offers a wide range of options to modify this view. ■ Wildcard metacharacters are special keyboard characters. They can be used to simplify the selection of several files when using common Linux file commands. ■ Text files are the most common file type whose contents can be viewed by several commands, such as head, tail, cat, tac, more, and less. ■ Regular expression metacharacters can be used to specify certain patterns of text when used with certain programming languages and text tool commands such as grep. ■ Although many command-line and graphical text editors exist, vi (vim) is a powerful, bimodal text editor that is standard on most UNIX and Linux systems. ~ metacharacter A metacharacter used to represent a user’s home directory. absolute pathname The full pathname to a certain file or directory, starting from the root directory. binary data file A file that contains machine language (binary 1s and 0s) and stores information (such as common functions and graphics) used by binary compiled programs. cat command A Linux command used to display (or concatenate) the entire contents of a text file to the screen. © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. No distribution allowed without express authorization.
© Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. No distribution allowed without express authorization. Key Terms 123 cd (change directory) command A Linux command used to change the current directory in the directory tree. command mode One of the two modes in vi; it allows a user to perform any available text editing task that is not related to inserting text into the document. concatenation The joining of text to make one larger whole. In Linux, words and strings of text are joined together to form a displayed file. directory A special file on the filesystem used to organize other files into a logical tree structure. egrep command A variant of the grep command, used to search files for patterns using extended regular expressions. Emacs (Editor MACroS) editor A popular and widespread text editor more conducive to word processing than vi. It was originally developed by Richard Stallman. executable program A file that can be executed by the Linux operating system to run in memory as a process and perform a useful function. fgrep command A variant of the grep command that does not allow the use of regular expressions. file command A Linux command that displays the file type of a specified filename. filename The user-friendly identifier given to a file. filename extension At the end of a filename, a dot followed by a series of identifiers that denotes the file type; the filename extension .txt denotes a text file. gedit editor A common text editor used within GUI environments. grep command A Linux command that searches files for patterns of characters using regular expression metacharacters. The command name is short for “global regular expression print.” head command A Linux command that displays the first set of lines of a text file; by default, the head command displays the first 10 lines. home directory A directory on the filesystem set aside for users to store personal files and information. insert mode One of the two modes in vi; it allows the user to insert text into the document but does not allow any other functionality. less command A Linux command used to display a text file page-by-page on the terminal screen; users can then use the cursor keys to navigate the file. linked file The files that represent the same data as other files. ll command An alias for the ls –l command; it gives a long file listing. log file A file that contains past system events. ls command A Linux command used to list the files in a given directory. more command A Linux command used to display a text file page-by-page and line-by-line on the terminal screen. named pipe file A temporary connection that sends information from one command or process in memory to another; it can also be represented by a file on the filesystem. nano editor A user-friendly terminal text editor that uses Ctrl key combinations to perform basic functions. od command A Linux command used to display the contents of a file in octal format. 3
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