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136 Chapter 3 Exploring Linux Filesystems 9. At the command prompt, type ls sample[1-3] and press Enter. What is listed and why? 10. At the command prompt, type ls sample[!1-3] and press Enter. What is listed and why? How does this compare with the results from Step 9? 11. Type exit and press Enter to log out of your shell. Project 3-7 In this hands-on project, you use the grep and egrep commands alongside regular expression metacharacters to explore the contents of text files. 1. Switch to a command-line terminal (tty2) by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F2 and log in to the terminal using the user name of root and the password of secret. 2. At the command prompt, type grep “Inn” sample1 and press Enter. What is displayed and why? 3. At the command prompt, type grep -v “Inn” sample1 and press Enter. What is displayed and why? How does this compare with the results from Step 2? 4. At the command prompt, type grep “inn” sample1 and press Enter. What is displayed and why? 5. At the command prompt, type grep -i “inn” sample1 and press Enter. What is displayed and why? How does this compare with the results from Steps 2 and 4? 6. At the command prompt, type grep “I” sample1 and press Enter. What is displayed and why? 7. At the command prompt, type grep “I” sample1 and press Enter. What is displayed and why? How does it differ from the results from Step 6 and why? 8. At the command prompt, type grep “t.e” sample1 and press Enter. What is displayed and why? 9. At the command prompt, type grep “w…e” sample1 and press Enter. What is displayed and why? 10. At the command prompt, type grep “ ^I” sample1 and press Enter. What is displayed and why? 11. At the command prompt, type grep “^I” sample1 and press Enter. What is displayed and why? How does this differ from the results in Step 10 and why? 12. At the command prompt, type grep “(we|next)” sample1 and press Enter. Is anything displayed? Why? 13. At the command prompt, type egrep “(we|next)” sample1 and press Enter. What is displayed and why? 14. At the command prompt, type grep “Inn$” sample1 and press Enter. What is displayed and why? 15. At the command prompt, type grep “?$” sample1 and press Enter. What is displayed and why? Does the ? metacharacter have special meaning here? Why? © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. No distribution allowed without express authorization.
© Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. No distribution allowed without express authorization. 16. At the command prompt, type grep “^$” sample1 and press Enter. Is anything displayed? (Hint: Be certain to look closely!) Can you explain the output? 17. Type exit and press Enter to log out of your shell. Discovery Exercises Discovery Exercises 137 1. You are the systems administrator for a scientific research company that employs over 100 scientists who write and run Linux programs to analyze their work. All of these programs are stored in each scientist’s home directory on the Linux system. One scientist has left the company, and you are instructed to retrieve any work from that scientist’s home directory. When you enter the home directory for that user, you notice that there are very few files and only two directories (one named Projects and one named Lab). List the commands that you would use to navigate through this user’s home directory and view filenames and file types. If there are any text files, what commands could you use to view their contents? 2. When you type the pwd command, you notice that your current location on the Linux filesystem is the /usr/local directory. Answer the following questions, assuming that your current directory is /usr/local for each question: a. Which command could you use to change to the /usr directory using an absolute pathname? b. Which command could you use to change to the /usr directory using a relative pathname? c. Which command could you use to change to the /usr/local/share/info directory using an absolute pathname? d. Which command could you use to change to the /usr/local/share/info directory using a relative pathname? e. Which command could you use to change to the /etc directory using an absolute pathname? f. Which command could you use to change to the /etc directory using a relative pathname? 3. Using wildcard metacharacters and options to the ls command, view the following: a. All the files that end with .cfg under the /etc directory b. All hidden files in the /home/user1 directory c. The directory names that exist under the /var directory d. All the files that start with the letter “a” underneath the /bin directory e. All the files that have exactly three letters in their filenames in the /bin directory f. All files that have exactly three letters in their filenames and end with either the letter “t” or the letter “h” in the /bin directory 4. Explore the manual pages for the ls, grep, cat, od, tac, head, tail, pwd, cd, strings, and vi commands. Experiment with what you learned on the file sample1 that you created earlier. 3
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3 - Weber State University

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