Guidelines on the Management of Stable Angina Pectoris ... - Cardio

ESC <strong>Guidelines</strong> 57when it is administered concomitantly for 5 weeks in patients withacute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2004;109:1335–1338.416. Neubauer H, Gunesdogan B, Hanefeld C, Spiecker M, Mugge A. Lipophilicstatins interfere with the inhibitory effects of clopidogrel on plateletfunction–a flow cytometry study. Eur Heart J 2003;24:1744–1749.417. Serebruany VL, Midei MG, Malinin AI, Oshrine BR, Lowry DR, Sane DCet al. Absence of interaction between atorvastatin or other statinsand clopidogrel: results from the interaction study. Arch Intern Med2004;164:2051–2057.418. Muller I, Besta F, Schulz C, Li Z, Massberg S, Gawaz M. Effects of statinson platelet inhibition by a high loading dose of clopidogrel. Circulation2003;108:2195–2197.419. Gorchakova O, von Beckerath N, Gawaz M, Mocz A, Joost A, Schomig Aet al. Antiplatelet effects of a 600 mg loading dose of clopidogrel arenot attenuated in patients receiving atorvastatin or simvastatin for atleast 4 weeks prior to coronary artery stenting. Eur Heart J2004;25:1898–1902.420. Lim MJ, Spencer FA, Gore JM, Dabbous OH, Agnelli G, Kline-Rogers EMet al. Impact of combined pharmacologic treatment with clopidogreland a statin on outcomes of patients with non-ST-segment elevationacute coronary syndromes: perspectives from a large multinationalregistry. Eur Heart J 2005;26:1063–1069.421. Cryer B. Reducing the risks of gastrointestinal bleeding with antiplatelettherapies. N Engl J Med 2005;352:287–289.422. Chan FK. Helicobacter pylori and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2001;30:937–952.423. Lai KC, Lam SK, Chu KM, Wong BC, Hui WM, Hu WH et al. Lansoprazolefor the prevention of recurrences of ulcer complications from long-termlow-dose aspirin use. N Engl J Med 2002;346:2033–2038.424. Chan FK, Ching JY, Hung LC, Wong VW, Leung VK, Kung NN et al.Clopidogrel versus aspirin and esomeprazole to prevent recurrentulcer bleeding. N Engl J Med 2005;352:238–244.425. Kaufmann PA, Mandinov L, Seiler C, Hess OM. Impact ofexercise-induced coronary vasomotion on anti-ischaemic therapy.Coron Artery Dis 2000;11:363–369.426. McKee SA, Sane DC, Deliargyris EN. Aspirin resistance in cardiovasculardisease: a review of prevalence, mechanisms, and clinical significance.Thromb Haemost 2002;88:711–715.427. Michelson AD, Cattaneo M, Eikelboom JW, Gurbel P, Kottke-Marchant K,Kunicki TJ et al. Aspirin resistance: position paper of the Working Groupon Aspirin Resistance. J Thromb Haemost 2005;3:1309–1311.428. Wiviott SD, Antman EM. Clopidogrel resistance: a new chapter in afast-moving story. Circulation 2004;109:3064–3067.429. Cattaneo M. Aspirin and clopidogrel: efficacy, safety, and the issue ofdrug resistance. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004;24:1980–1987.430. Nguyen TA, Diodati JG, Pharand C. Resistance to clopidogrel: a review ofthe evidence. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:1157–1164.431. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Merz CN, Brewer HB Jr, Clark LT, Hunninghake DBet al. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National CholesterolEducation Program Adult Treatment Panel III <strong>Guidelines</strong>. J Am CollCardiol 2004;44:720–732.432. The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Randomised trial ofcholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease.Lancet 1994;344:1383–1389.433. Sacks FM, Tonkin AM, Shepherd J, Braunwald E, Cobbe S, Hawkins CMet al. Effect of pravastatin on coronary disease events in subgroupsdefined by coronary risk factors: the Prospective Pravastatin PoolingProject. Circulation 2000;102:1893–1900.434. The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease(LIPID) Study Group. Prevention of cardiovascular events and deathwith pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broadrange of initial cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1349–1357.435. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart ProtectionStudy of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-riskindividuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360(9326):7–22.436. Goldberg RB, Mellies MJ, Sacks FM, Moye LA, Howard BV, Howard WJet al. Cardiovascular events and their reduction with pravastatin in diabeticand glucose-intolerant myocardial infarction survivors withaverage cholesterol levels: subgroup analyses in the cholesterol andrecurrent events (CARE) trial. The Care Investigators. Circulation1998;98:2513–2519.437. Collins R, Armitage J, Parish S, Sleigh P, Peto R. MRC/BHF HeartProtection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet2003;361:2005–2016.438. Shepherd J, Blauw GJ, Murphy MB, Bollen EL, Buckley BM, Cobbe SMet al. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease(PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360:1623–1630.439. Colhoun HM, Betteridge DJ, Durrington PN, Hitman GA, Neil HA,Livingstone SJ et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease withatorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative AtorvastatinDiabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlledtrial. Lancet 2004;364:685–696.440. Sever PS, Dahlof B, Poulter NR, Wedel H, Beevers G, Caulfield M et al.Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensivepatients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations,in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial–LipidLowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial.Lancet 2003;361:1149–1158.441. Faggiotto A, Paoletti R. State-of-the-Art lecture. Statins and blockers ofthe renin-angiotensin system: vascular protection beyond their primarymode of action. Hypertension 1999;34:987–996.442. Bonetti PO, Lerman LO, Napoli C, Lerman A. Statin effects beyond lipidlowering–are they clinically relevant? Eur Heart J 2003;24:225–248.443. Rosenson RS, Tangney CC. Antiatherothrombotic properties of statins:implications for cardiovascular event reduction. JAMA 1998;279:1643–1650.444. Ridker PM, Cannon CP, Morrow D, Rifai N, Rose LM, McCabe CH et al. C-reactive protein levels and outcomes after statin therapy. N Engl J Med2005;352:20–28.445. Pasceri V, Patti G, Nusca A, Pristipino C, Richichi G, Di Sciascio G.Randomized trial of atorvastatin for reduction of myocardial damageduring coronary intervention: results from the ARMYDA (Atorvastatinfor Reduction of MYocardial Damage during Angioplasty) study.Circulation 2004;110:674–678.446. Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM, Blackwell L, Buck G, Pollicino C et al.Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospectivemeta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trialsof statins. Lancet 2005;366:1267–1278.447. LaRosa JC, Grundy SM, Waters DD, Shear C, Barter P, Fruchart JC et al.Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronarydisease. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1425–1435.448. Pedersen TR, Faergeman O, Kastelein JJ, Olsson AG, Tikkanen MJ,Holme I et al. High-dose atorvastatin versus usual-dose simvastatin forsecondary prevention after myocardial infarction: the IDEAL study: arandomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005;294:2437–2445.449. Wierzbicki AS. Ezetimibe: a new addition to lipid-lowering therapy. Int JClin Pract 2003;57:653–655.450. Rubins HB, Robins SJ, Collins D, Fye CL, Anderson JW, Elam MB et al.Gemfibrozil for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease inmen with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. VeteransAffairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial StudyGroup. N Engl J Med 1999;341:410–418.451. Farnier M. Combination therapy with an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitorand a fibric acid derivative: a critical review of potential benefits anddrawbacks. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2003;3:169–178.452. Robins SJ, Rubins HB, Faas FH, Schaefer EJ, Elam MB, Anderson JW et al.Insulin resistance and cardiovascular events with low HDL cholesterol:the Veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Trial (VA-HIT). Diabetes Care2003;26:1513–1517.453. Prueksaritanont T, Tang C, Qiu Y, Mu L, Subramanian R, Lin JH. Effects offibrates on metabolism of statins in human hepatocytes. Drug MetabDispos 2002;30:1280–1287.454. Pan WJ, Gustavson LE, Achari R, Rieser MJ, Ye X, Gutterman C et al.Lack of a clinically significant pharmacokinetic interaction betweenfenofibrate and pravastatin in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol2000;40:316–323.455. Keech A, Simes RJ, Barter P, Best J, Scott R, Takinen MR, Foreder P, Pillai A,Davis T, Glasziou P, Drury P, Kesaniemi YA, Sullivan D, Hunt, Colman D,d’Emden P, M.Whiting M, Ehnholm C, Laakso M, FIELD study investigators.Effects of long-term ffenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomised controlledtrial. Lancet 2005;366:1829–1831.456. Brousseau ME, Schaefer EJ, Wolfe ML, Blodon LT, Digenio AG, Clark RW,Manuscu JP, Rader DJ. Effects of an inhibitor of cholesteryl ester transferprotein on HDL cholesterol. N Engl J Med 2004;350:1491–1494.457. Turnbull F. Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens onmajor cardiovascular events: results of prospectively-designed overviewsof randomised trials. Lancet 2003;362:1527–1535.