fundraising across regions on matters of common concern) through, forexample, creating a common depository for all fundraising proposals andconfirmed grant agreements in AMARC’s name;• Develop standardized accounting and financial reporting policies,procedures and practices to apply to its International Secretariat and itsregions and sections;• Ensure these accounting and financial reporting policies, procedures andpractices address issues such as joint fundraising, fundraising authorityand processes, spending only against contracted budgets, spending onlywithin contracted budget lines and spending only with appropriateauthorization, involvement and oversight by the relevant Board ofDirectors;• Ensure that legal requirements for annual external audits at internationaland regional levels conform with standard legal requirements andprocedures;• Implement regular internal audits across AMARC International andregional sections for increased coherence and transparency;• Explore avenues to decentralize executive powers and responsibilitiesfrom the International to the Regional Secretariats as well as among themembership (for example, through decentralizing publications andtranslation work);• Document the governance and financial management challengesexperienced by AMARC International Secretariat and its regional sectionsand strategies adopted to surmount these challenges to ensure thathistory does not repeat itself.Monitoring and EvaluationAMARC should:• Document and systematically report on the outcomes and impact of alladvocacy and solidarity efforts, through the AMARC website andpublications;• Disseminate the findings and outcomes of the evaluation process;• Test the participatory monitoring and evaluation tools developed duringthe evaluation process within all of its regions;• Develop systematic programme and project monitoring and evaluationtools and strategies common to all regions and International Secretariat;• Build resources and capacity for monitoring and evaluation into allprogramme and project proposals at all levels.AMARC Community Radio Social Impact Assessment 2007 Page 102 of 128
Part VI : AnnexesAnnexe 1: Essential Bibliography 72Sources of information for this bibliographic review on the impact of communityradio are varied; they include a number of books and articles of evaluation ofcommunity radio, but also a few resources on evaluation, which are not specificto community radio, but to communication and to participatory projects andexperiences.The importance of including resources on Participatory Monitoring andEvaluation is to be highlighted, particularly because most evaluations on theimpact of community radio are poor in terms of describing the methodologies thatwere used. Most of the bibliography on evaluation of community radio providesthe results of the research, and little on the research approach that was used.There are many articles and books evaluating community radio stations, andeven more evaluating specific programming that was sponsored by developmentagencies, however we have included here mainly those that, in our view, providebetter insights on the process of evaluation or describe the instruments that wereused. Many studies only look at particular aspects of impact, such as changing ofattitudes towards health or environmental issues, or the spread of informationthrough specific radio programming.The bibliography is organized as a table, that can be listed either by subject, byauthor or by year. Each entry has a brief commentary on its relevance toresearch on impact. When available, we have included a note on the researchmethodology.This compilation has been possible with the contribution from TheCommunication Initiative, and using the database of the Communication forSocial Change Consortium, particularly the Body of Knowledge. Staff at theConsortium researched the web as well as printed resources. Although mostentries are of publications in English, we decided however to include a few inSpanish and French when we thought they were important contributions with noparallel in English.In final analysis, we may conclude by recognizing that the bibliography on impactof community radio seldom develops the methodological aspects, which is why itmay be important to use methods of participatory monitoring and evaluation thathave been developed to assess the impact of communication programmes ingeneral, or even those that are used to evaluate social change in participatoryprocesses. There is a wealth of manuals and handbooks, not specific to72Alfonso Gumucio Dagron. Managing Director, Programmes, Communication for Social ChangeConsortiumAMARC Community Radio Social Impact Assessment 2007 Page 103 of 128
- Page 1 and 2:
COMMUNITY RADIOSOCIAL IMPACTASSESSM
- Page 3 and 4:
Chapter 10: Community Media by and
- Page 5 and 6:
ForewordThe World Association of Co
- Page 7 and 8:
monitoring and research process was
- Page 9 and 10:
organizations interviewed tell only
- Page 11 and 12:
The Roundtables, the electronic For
- Page 13 and 14:
good. It did not involve a traditio
- Page 15 and 16:
capabilities for monitoring, impact
- Page 17 and 18:
Each of these components of the ext
- Page 19 and 20:
Description of the ActivitiesThe th
- Page 21 and 22:
PART II. Global Challenges to Commu
- Page 23 and 24:
if we want to achieve poverty reduc
- Page 25 and 26:
Community Radio is part of a politi
- Page 27 and 28:
freedom of expression and military
- Page 29 and 30:
has abandoned those responsibilitie
- Page 31 and 32:
Chapter 5: The Amman Declaration 27
- Page 33 and 34:
10. Independent media can play a si
- Page 35 and 36:
• Promote and support the trainin
- Page 37 and 38:
communication strategies within the
- Page 39 and 40:
This said, it becomes clear that in
- Page 41 and 42:
as rural black women, impoverished
- Page 43 and 44:
national languages. “For several
- Page 45 and 46:
Measuring ImpactChapter 7: The Impa
- Page 47 and 48:
meaningful social change indicator
- Page 49 and 50:
Chapter 8: Why Assess Community Rad
- Page 51 and 52: doing the work they are chartered t
- Page 53 and 54: B. Assessing the effectiveness of c
- Page 55 and 56: • How do you participate in this
- Page 57 and 58: While community media can take many
- Page 59 and 60: From this perspective, communicatio
- Page 61 and 62: affordable means to express their o
- Page 63 and 64: At the same time there is growing r
- Page 65 and 66: Chapter 10: Community Media by and
- Page 67 and 68: Tallies from meetings showed that e
- Page 69 and 70: Chapter 11: What role did community
- Page 71 and 72: RM: [LAUGHS.] So we sang the news,
- Page 73 and 74: commission, tasked with developing
- Page 75 and 76: Most of the Eastern African countri
- Page 77 and 78: need to constantly be guided by ask
- Page 79 and 80: time are settled with custom law, i
- Page 81 and 82: Chapter 14: Community Radio and Med
- Page 83 and 84: ensuing global imbalance in informa
- Page 85 and 86: platforms and technologies? How can
- Page 87 and 88: CR should increase its role in faci
- Page 89 and 90: Clarifying the nature of Community
- Page 91 and 92: Amplify the voices of the poor and
- Page 93 and 94: Harmonize AMARC bodies and structur
- Page 95 and 96: (c) Solidarityactivitiesincludingre
- Page 97 and 98: (d) Interactiveplatform forprogramm
- Page 99 and 100: evaluation(d) Disseminationof resul
- Page 101: expectations of AMARC relate to all
- Page 105 and 106: One of the chapters is on “Progra
- Page 107 and 108: customs and practices of the tribal
- Page 109 and 110: http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/file
- Page 111 and 112: Radio Douentza was one of the first
- Page 113 and 114: 38. Querre, Francois. (1991). Les M
- Page 115 and 116: Handbook for Developing Countries.
- Page 117 and 118: The Pelican discussion, which has b
- Page 119 and 120: Through the opinions of 30 communic
- Page 121 and 122: andhttp://www.cfsc.org/pdf/measurin
- Page 123 and 124: www.urcm.netUnited Grassroots Radio
- Page 125 and 126: www.mci.gov.veZimbabwe So this is
- Page 127 and 128: Please indicate how this impact cou