Removing Barriers, Increasing Effectiveness - amarc

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country level associations that can speak on behalf of community broadcastersand provide a forum for sharing of experience and best practice.Taken together, in countries that are receptive to media pluralism andempowerment of the poor, these measures can contribute to the further growth ofcommunity broadcasting and strengthen its unique contribution to equitable andsustainable development.AMARC Community Radio Social Impact Assessment 2007 Page 64 of 128
Chapter 10: Community Media by and for Women a Challenge toFulfil the Promise 52For more than three decades now, the global women’s movement has confrontedtwo key issues in the media: the negative and stereotypical portrayal of women inthe media and the lack of women’s representation and participation in decisionmakingpositions within media organizations.Community media, independent media, radical media, participatory media,medios libres, peoples’ media, grassroots media, social movement media and alltheir different configurations are touted to be the utmost instrument that womencan use to reclaim their rightful spaces within media systems and structures.However, research and anecdotal evidence point out to the fact that this is notentirely the case. The discrimination that women face within government andcorporate media are sometimes also reproduced in community media. This paneldiscussion seeks to find out not only how gender inequalities in community mediacan be stopped but how to effectively use this type of media as a tool inpromoting women’s decision-making roles and political participation.While I am inclined not to delve into how mainstream media marginalizes womenbecause there is already more than enough evidence to prove this, I cannotavoid citing two media monitoring initiatives that to me reveal very interestingfindings. These two are the 2005 Global Media Monitoring Project (GMMP)coordinated by the World Association for Christian Communication and the“Mirror on the Media, Who Talk on Talk Shows” conducted by Gender Links andthe Gender and Media Network in Southern Africa (GEMSA) in 2006. Bothstudies found out that of all the media, it is in radio where women and women’sissues are most underrepresented.The GMMP which analyzed media content in 76 countries revealed that womenand women’s issues make up only 17 percent of news subjects as opposed to 83percent men as news subjects in radio broadcasts. The Mirror on the Mediaproject which monitored 11 radio talk shows in four Southern African countries –Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, and Zimbabwe states that “if radio talk shows area barometer of citizenship, then women barely exist–as host, as guests or ascallers. Most shows also don’t cover many of the topics that women would like totalk more about.”The same project showed that women only make up 25 percent of all callers toradio talk shows in Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. As talk showguests, women made up only 36 percent and as hosts, women constituted only52by Mavic Cabrera-Balleza, AMARC Women’s International Network and the InternationalWomen’s Tribune Centre (presented at the Our Media 6th International Conference (Sydney,Australia; April 9-13, 2007).AMARC Community Radio Social Impact Assessment 2007 Page 65 of 128
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COMMUNITY RADIOSOCIAL IMPACTASSESSM
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Chapter 10: Community Media by and
Page 5 and 6:
ForewordThe World Association of Co
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monitoring and research process was
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organizations interviewed tell only
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The Roundtables, the electronic For
Page 13 and 14: good. It did not involve a traditio
Page 15 and 16: capabilities for monitoring, impact
Page 17 and 18: Each of these components of the ext
Page 19 and 20: Description of the ActivitiesThe th
Page 21 and 22: PART II. Global Challenges to Commu
Page 23 and 24: if we want to achieve poverty reduc
Page 25 and 26: Community Radio is part of a politi
Page 27 and 28: freedom of expression and military
Page 29 and 30: has abandoned those responsibilitie
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 5: The Amman Declaration 27
Page 33 and 34: 10. Independent media can play a si
Page 35 and 36: • Promote and support the trainin
Page 37 and 38: communication strategies within the
Page 39 and 40: This said, it becomes clear that in
Page 41 and 42: as rural black women, impoverished
Page 43 and 44: national languages. “For several
Page 45 and 46: Measuring ImpactChapter 7: The Impa
Page 47 and 48: meaningful social change indicator
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 8: Why Assess Community Rad
Page 51 and 52: doing the work they are chartered t
Page 53 and 54: B. Assessing the effectiveness of c
Page 55 and 56: • How do you participate in this
Page 57 and 58: While community media can take many
Page 59 and 60: From this perspective, communicatio
Page 61 and 62: affordable means to express their o
Page 63: At the same time there is growing r
Page 67 and 68: Tallies from meetings showed that e
Page 69 and 70: Chapter 11: What role did community
Page 71 and 72: RM: [LAUGHS.] So we sang the news,
Page 73 and 74: commission, tasked with developing
Page 75 and 76: Most of the Eastern African countri
Page 77 and 78: need to constantly be guided by ask
Page 79 and 80: time are settled with custom law, i
Page 81 and 82: Chapter 14: Community Radio and Med
Page 83 and 84: ensuing global imbalance in informa
Page 85 and 86: platforms and technologies? How can
Page 87 and 88: CR should increase its role in faci
Page 89 and 90: Clarifying the nature of Community
Page 91 and 92: Amplify the voices of the poor and
Page 93 and 94: Harmonize AMARC bodies and structur
Page 95 and 96: (c) Solidarityactivitiesincludingre
Page 97 and 98: (d) Interactiveplatform forprogramm
Page 99 and 100: evaluation(d) Disseminationof resul
Page 101 and 102: expectations of AMARC relate to all
Page 103 and 104: Part VI : AnnexesAnnexe 1: Essentia
Page 105 and 106: One of the chapters is on “Progra
Page 107 and 108: customs and practices of the tribal
Page 109 and 110: http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/file
Page 111 and 112: Radio Douentza was one of the first
Page 113 and 114: 38. Querre, Francois. (1991). Les M
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Handbook for Developing Countries.
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The Pelican discussion, which has b
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Through the opinions of 30 communic
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andhttp://www.cfsc.org/pdf/measurin
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www.urcm.netUnited Grassroots Radio
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www.mci.gov.veZimbabwe So this is
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Please indicate how this impact cou
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