efers to using evaluation logic and processes to help people in programs andorganizations learn to think evaluatively. This is distinct from using thesubstantive findings in an evaluation report. It’s equivalent to the differencebetween learning how to learn versus learning substantive knowledge aboutsomething. Learning how to think evaluatively is learning how to learn. Learningto think and act evaluatively can have an ongoing impact, especially whereevaluation is built into ongoing organizational development. Values are thefoundations of goals. By providing a mechanism and process for clarifying valuesand goals, evaluation has an impact even before data are collected. Likewise,the process of designing an assessment often raises questions that have animmediate impact on program implementation. Such effects can be quitepronounced, as when the process of clarifying the program’s logic model ortheory-of-action leads to changes in delivery well before any evaluative data areever collected.The context and institutional assessment approachThe action research methodology allows for an assessment on the legal andcultural context and its dynamic influence on the existence and development ofcommunity radios in different regions of the world. Precisely one of the keyAMARC objectives is to contribute to the creation of enabling environments fircommunity radio. Thus, Lusthaus and others closely link the performance ofOrganizations to the environment conditions as suggested. 16The key dimensions of the external environment influencing organizations are theadministrative, legal, political, socio-cultural, economic, technological, andstakeholder contexts.16 Charles Lusthaus, Marie-Hélène Adrien, Gary Anderson, and Fred Carden Enhancing Organisational Performance. AToolbox for Self-assessment, IDRC 1999, 140 pp.AMARC Community Radio Social Impact Assessment 2007 Page 16 of 128
Each of these components of the external environment can also influence theefficiency of community radios as individual organizations as well as thecommunity radio movement as a global network. In this perspective the existenceof unfriendly legal environments that do o not carry recognition for CR becomebarriers to be removed with local or global interventions so to increase thepotentially positive influence of community radio in poverty alleviation. 17Participants in the Evaluation ProcessThe participants in the evaluation process were relevant actors of thecommunications for development and community radio sector, MultilateralOrganizations, NGOs, Donor Community and academics. They consist on twomain groups of participants – the Core group (AMARC decision making andoperational bodies, external advisors and partners among CR stakeholders); andthe Stakeholders Group (formed by CR members, communication anddevelopment stakeholders and academics).The Core GroupThe Core Group consisted of relevant communication for development partners,CR stakeholders and the decision-making structures and operational staff ofAMARC (International Board, Regional Boards and partners at regional level(roughly 200 participants). This group, consisting on relevant actors of thecommunity radio, community media and NGO movements interacted in face-tofaceroundtables and electronic discussions and meetings. It acted as the forumfor knowledge gathering and critical review to define specific lines of action toremove barriers and increase the effectiveness of CR social impact.The Stakeholders GroupThe Stakeholders Group is formed by people interested in community radioincluding grass-roots members of AMARC, community radio practitioners,communication for development practitioners, NGO officials, donors, governmentofficials, private sector partners. Their participation in the first instance will consistin participating in the roundtables, electronic discussions, in the survey as well asin the AMARC 9 world conference held in Amman, Jordan 11-17 November.Their purpose is to validate and critique and serve as equilibrium to the CoreGroup.C4D projects and Community Radio Targeted ResearchBesides the discussions by the Core and stakeholders group, there was specificimpact assessment research on AMARC chosen projects together withcommunity radios and C4D practitioners at community, country, and internationallevels. Some of the selected articles included in this book are part of thatresearch, related to good experiences. It also involved review of some Emails listdebates as the one conducted by Id21 18 ; they are also linked to the Workshoporganized by AMARC SDC and UNESCO for the World Congress for17 Kanchan Human, Community Radio in India: A Study, School of Communication, University of Hyderabad, 200518See http://www.id21.org/communityradio/finalreport/pdf.htmlAMARC Community Radio Social Impact Assessment 2007 Page 17 of 128
- Page 1 and 2: COMMUNITY RADIOSOCIAL IMPACTASSESSM
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- Page 5 and 6: ForewordThe World Association of Co
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Tallies from meetings showed that e
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Chapter 11: What role did community
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RM: [LAUGHS.] So we sang the news,
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commission, tasked with developing
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Most of the Eastern African countri
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need to constantly be guided by ask
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time are settled with custom law, i
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Chapter 14: Community Radio and Med
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ensuing global imbalance in informa
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platforms and technologies? How can
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CR should increase its role in faci
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Clarifying the nature of Community
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Amplify the voices of the poor and
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Harmonize AMARC bodies and structur
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(c) Solidarityactivitiesincludingre
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(d) Interactiveplatform forprogramm
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evaluation(d) Disseminationof resul
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expectations of AMARC relate to all
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Part VI : AnnexesAnnexe 1: Essentia
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One of the chapters is on “Progra
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customs and practices of the tribal
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http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/file
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Radio Douentza was one of the first
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38. Querre, Francois. (1991). Les M
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Handbook for Developing Countries.
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The Pelican discussion, which has b
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Through the opinions of 30 communic
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andhttp://www.cfsc.org/pdf/measurin
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www.urcm.netUnited Grassroots Radio
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www.mci.gov.veZimbabwe So this is
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Please indicate how this impact cou