to solve problems that affect the community as a whole, the strengthening oflocal community voices to increase the dialogue with other communities and withexternal agents of development, the rise of cultural identity, the appropriation of ashare of the public space for active citizen’s participation, and the growth ofawareness of the concept of national citizenship or ethnic universe. Impact canbe recognized if, for example, groups of women have bettered their positions interms of being heard and contributing to decisions.” Participant from Guatemala.Community Radio empowers local communities. Likewise, the increase in impactis related to empowerment, to decentralization, to the establishment of citizenshipagendas, and the content of strategies directed to the radios and to the networkswith clear concepts and goals. (Mali) The vision, objectives, management andprogramming are adapted for communication with a view to communitydevelopment.CR supports the development of a democratic and inclusive information society.Community radios introduce in their practice the subject of communications and apromise of appropriation of new technologies by society. Possibilities exist ofshortening the gap but there are no public policies (in place to guide theprocess). Governments see the subject of NICT from the economic point of view.It is necessary to find ways to convince others that NICT is a question of rights.We must also reflect on how these technologies would affect radios, their content(programming), not only the replacement of old with new technologies/equipment, but the political, social and economic impact on societies. Thisdiscussion is important to prepare us for the change.The Survey on Community Radio Social Impact indicated that the perceivedorder of social impact of CR is as follows. (1) Access to a media for excluded; (2)Promote democratization of society and of communications; (3) Accountability ofgovernments; (4) Inform and broadcast on local issues; (5) Solidarity andcommunity development; (6) Women empowerment; (7) Poverty reduction; (8)Health prevention & relief; (9) Conflict resolution & peace building; (10) Source ofemployment;AMARC Community Radio Social Impact Assessment 2007 Page 44 of 128
Measuring ImpactChapter 7: The Impact of Community Radio 29In spite of the pressure from mechanist theories and practices that reduceknowledge to statistics, it is now clear that social progress and social changecannot only be measured in numbers. Well being is not a matter of productivity orhigher income alone, but relates to education, health, culture, knowledge, ethicsand human values. Social development and social change relate to a widerspectrum of goals; a horizon of freedom that includes the right to communicateand a better understanding of human development.This is why the traditional western approaches to measuring development are oflittle use, and alien to local culture and values. In the first place, institutionalagendas are often alien to the needs of the community. External measuringsystems usually pay little attention to local needs and are designed and appliedby specialists who often know little about the human universe in which theyintervene. Often they do not speak the language, nor are they able to recognizesocial and political traits within the communities they visit. The kind of informationthat is researched may not be the information that is more important for thecommunity. The manner in which measurements and evaluations are done oftenreflect pressures (short time availability, that is overly demanding on thecommunities) and bias (cultural, political), and are often the result ofmanipulation, both at the stage of collecting information and at the stage ofinterpreting the data.The above explains why so many programmes rated as successful whenevaluated –usually at their peak of effectiveness and under intensive inputs --easily collapse after a couple of years. Most of these evaluations are also “selfevaluations”,which do not involve truly independent evaluators (e.g. universities,research centers), and if they do, they may be conducted by companies that earntheir living by crafting positive results.Participatory monitoring and evaluation (PM&E) is growing as a concept and as ademand from communities to be involved in the process of being evaluated.Communities usually know better about the horizon of their expectations, the kindof goals they want to reach and the kind of life they want to live. Havingcommunities as full partners in the design, development, application and analysisof evaluation data is the right way to go, even if the results may not besatisfactory for external partners or for the community itself. Evaluations shouldbe seen as a mechanism to learn and do better, not just as collecting informationto build another best practice example. There is also much to learn from badpractices.29by Alfonso Gumucio Dagron, Managing Director, Programmes, Communication for SocialChange Consortium, 29 September 2006AMARC Community Radio Social Impact Assessment 2007 Page 45 of 128
- Page 1 and 2: COMMUNITY RADIOSOCIAL IMPACTASSESSM
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(c) Solidarityactivitiesincludingre
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(d) Interactiveplatform forprogramm
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evaluation(d) Disseminationof resul
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expectations of AMARC relate to all
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Part VI : AnnexesAnnexe 1: Essentia
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One of the chapters is on “Progra
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customs and practices of the tribal
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http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/file
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Radio Douentza was one of the first
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38. Querre, Francois. (1991). Les M
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Handbook for Developing Countries.
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The Pelican discussion, which has b
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Through the opinions of 30 communic
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andhttp://www.cfsc.org/pdf/measurin
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www.urcm.netUnited Grassroots Radio
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www.mci.gov.veZimbabwe So this is
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Please indicate how this impact cou