Ne o t r o p i c a l Hy p o c r e l l a, Mo e l l e r i e l l a, a n d Sa m u e l s i aSpecimens examined: Brazil, 1894, Glaziou (type of H. glaziovii S!); Para, on leaves,Spruce 528 (type of A. brunnea, K(M)130012 in part, under Hypocrea amazonicaCooke). Cuba, on leaf of Gesneriaceae, 1857, Wright 756 (type K(M)120253! <strong>and</strong>isotype FH! of Hypocrella viridans <strong>and</strong> Aschersonia viridans). Honduras, Dpto.Atlantida, Tela, Lancetilla Natural Reserve, elev. 0 m, on leaf, 24 Aug. 2004, P.Chaverri (P.C. 632, P.C. 635, P.C. 637), P.A. Sheikh (CUP 067849, CUP 067850,CUP 067851); Dpto. Copan, Santa Rita, Rio Amarillo, Peña Quemada Reserve,elev. 800 m, on leaf, 9 Sep. 2004, P. Chaverri (P.C. 670, P.C. 671), P.A. Sheikh (CUP067852, CUP 067853); Yojoa, Los Pinos, Cerro Azul/Meambar National Park, elev.850 m, on leaf, 3 Sep. 2004, P. Chaverri (P.C. 695), P.A. Sheikh (CUP 067854).Mexico, Guerrero, Cuajimicuilapa, on leaf <strong>and</strong> rachis of Mimosa pigra, 30 Nov.1989, H.C. Evans (I89-490) (epitype of H. viridans designated here IMI 346739 =culture ARSEF 7674).Notes: Hypocrella viridans can be distinguished from H. disciformisby the smaller conidia of the former species. The type of H. viridansonly contains conidiomata. Therefore, this species is epitypifiedhere with a specimen from Mexico (IMI 346739), which is the onlyavailable specimen that contains perithecia. The type of H. glazioviiin herbarium S is in bad condition <strong>and</strong> includes only a half-stroma;however, it resembles an old H. viridans. The type of A. brunneain K is in the same packet as the type of Hypocrea amazonicaCooke. Aschersonia brunnea is an old over-mature specimen ofH. viridans.SAMUELSIA Chaverri & K.T. Hodge, gen. nov. MycoBankMB511385.Anamorph: aschersonia-like.Type: <strong>Samuelsia</strong> rufobrunnea Chaverri & K.T. Hodge.Etymology: In honour of Gary J. Samuels, for his great contribution tosystematics of hypocrealean fungi <strong>and</strong> for mentoring P. Chaverri.Teleomorphosis: Stromatibus convexus vel pulvinatus, 1.5–3(–4) mm diam,subaurianticus, brunneus, sub-brunneus, brunneoluteus; ascosporae multicellulares,macrofusiformes, (30–)40–60 × 1.5–2.5 µm. Anamorphosis: Stromatibus pulvinatus,pycnidium. Conidii allantoideus, subelliposideus, (4–)4.5–6(–7) × 1.5–2 µm,longitudo/crassitudo 3–4; paraphysis prescens vel abscens, circinatus aliqu<strong>and</strong>o.Stromata pulvinate, 1.5–3(–4) mm diam, with a wide base,sometimes cylindrical <strong>and</strong> extending towards base, generallyhard, pale yellow, pale orange, brownish orange, brownish yellow,brown, or greyish yellow, no hypothallus, stroma surface generallysmooth or slightly pruinose, opaque or glossy; generally KOH+;stroma tissue of compact textura intricata, cell walls 1–3 µm thick.Perithecia completely embedded in stroma, scattered. Perithecia,subglobose, 320–380 × 110–120 µm. Asci mostly cylindrical toclavate, (90–)100–120(–130) × 5–7 µm, caps 1–3 µm. Ascosporeshyaline, multiseptate, smooth, long fusiform to filiform, (30–)40–60× 1.5–2.5 µm.Conidiomata as simple depressions of stroma surface, shallowor deep, U-shaped, from top view elongated <strong>and</strong> generally fusingwith neighboring conidiomata, sometimes arranged in a circularfashion; conidiophores in a compact palisade, short, monoverticillatewith 2–5 phialides per verticil, once monochasial, sometimes twicemonochasial; phialides cylindrical, long <strong>and</strong> slender, taperingtowards apices, 8–20 × 1–2 µm; conidia small, hyaline, unicellular,smooth, mostly allantoid, (4–)4.5–6(–7) × 1.5–2 µm, l/w 3–4.Paraphyses present or absent, circinate when present. Cultures donot produce conidiomata or conidia in culture; slow-growing.Habitat: On scale insects <strong>and</strong> whiteflies on leaves.Known distribution: Bolivia, Chile, Honduras, Peru.www.studiesinmycology.org1. <strong>Samuelsia</strong> chalalensis Chaverri & K.T. Hodge, sp. nov.MycoBank MB511386. Fig. 20A–D.Anamorph: aschersonia-like.Stromatibus convexus vel pulvinatus, (1–)1.5–2.5(–4) mm diam, subaurianticus;phialides (12.3–)13–19.5(–22.7) × 1.3–1.5 µm; conidii allantoideus, (5.3–)5.5–5.7(–6) × (1–)1.5(–2) µm, longitudo/crassitudo (3–)3.5–4.2(–5.2); paraphysisabscens. Holotypus: CUP 067856.Perithecia not observed. Stromata irregularly pulvinate, highlyaggregated, sometimes fusing with neighboring stromata, (1–)1.5–2.5(–4) mm diam, with a wide base, pale orange with yellowishtinges, no hypothallus, stroma surface generally smooth, slightlypruinose; changing to brownish when KOH added; stroma tissueof compact textura intricata. Conidiomata as simple depressionsof stroma surface, shallow, U-shaped, scattered, conidial massesbrown; conidiophores in a compact palisade, short; phialidescylindrical, tapering towards apices, (12.3–)13–19.5(–22.7) × 1.3–1.5 µm; conidia small, hyaline, unicellular, smooth, allantoid, (5.3–)5.5–5.7(–6) × (1–)1.5(–2) µm, l/w (3–)3.5–4.2(–5.2). Paraphysesabsent.Habitat: On whiteflies on bamboo.Known distribution: Bolivia (type locality).Specimen examined: Bolivia, Dpto. La Paz, San Jose de Uchipiamonas, MadidiNational Park, Chalalan, trail Tapacare, on bamboo, 10 Jun. 2004, P. Chaverri (P.C.560), D. Quintana, M. Sogonov, A. Alvarez (holotype CUP 067856).Notes: Although no perithecia were observed, a teleomorph nameis given to this species because the link to <strong>Samuelsia</strong> is proven byDNA sequence data <strong>and</strong> the morphology of the anamorph. Culturedid not survive storage at 8 °C.2. <strong>Samuelsia</strong> geonomis Chaverri & K.T. Hodge, sp. nov.MycoBank MB511387. Fig. 20E–I.Anamorph: Not known.Teleomorphosis: Stromatibus convexus vel pulvinatus, centralis levatum (3–)3.2–3.5(–4) mm diam, subaurianticus, subbrunneus; asci (107–)112–122(–130) × (5.5–)6–6.7(–7) µm; ascosporae multicellulares, macrofusiformes, (35–)40.5–51(–53) ×2–2.5 µm. Holotypus: CUP 067857.Stromata pulvinate, elevated at central part <strong>and</strong> tapering towardsbase, base wide, with a sunken circular area in centre of top partof stroma, (3–)3.2–3.5(–4) mm diam, hard, pale yellow to brownishyellow, no hypothallus, stroma surface smooth <strong>and</strong> slightly glossy;generally KOH+ mostly on top central part of stroma; perithecialopenings brown; stroma tissue of compact textura intricata.Perithecia completely embedded in stroma, scattered. Perithecia,subglobose, 320–350 × 110–120 µm. Asci mostly cylindrical,(107–)112–122(–130) × (5.5–)6–6.7(–7) µm, caps (0.8–)1–1.3(–1.7) µm. Ascospores hyaline, multiseptate, smooth, long fusiform,(35–)40.5–51(–53) × 2–2.5 µm.Colonies on PDA at 25 °C, slow-growing, pulvinate, compact,brownish yellow, tomentose. No conidiomata or conidia formed.Habitat: On scale insects or whiteflies on leaves of palm Geonomissp.Known distribution: Bolivia (type locality).59
Ch av e r r i e t a l.Fig. 20. A–D. <strong>Samuelsia</strong> chalalensis. A–B. Stromata containing conidiomata. D. Phialides. D. Conidia. E–I. <strong>Samuelsia</strong> geonomis. E–F. Stromata containing perithecia. G–I.Asci <strong>and</strong> ascospores. J–P. <strong>Samuelsia</strong> intermedia. J–L. Stromata containing conidiomata. M–O. Phialides <strong>and</strong> paraphyses. P. Conidia. A–D: CUP 067856 (holotype of S.chalalensis); E–I: CUP 067857 (holotype of S. geonomis); J–L: FH 3990; M–P: FH 3991 (lectotype of A. intermedia). Bars: A–B, E–F, J–L = 1 mm; C–D, G–I, M–P = 10 um.Specimen examined: Bolivia, Dpto. La Paz, San Jose de Uchipiamonas, MadidiNational Park, Chalalan, trail to mountain along Eslabon River (“Senda RAP”), onleaves of Geonomis sp., 12–13 Jun. 2004, P. Chaverri (P.C. 614), D. Quintana, M.Sogonov, A. Alvarez (holotype CUP 067857 = ARSEF 7656).3. <strong>Samuelsia</strong> intermedia Chaverri & K.T. Hodge, sp. nov.MycoBank MB511388. Fig. 20J–P.Anamorph: “Aschersonia” intermedia Petch, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard.Peradeniya 7: 325. 1922.Stromatibus pulvinatus, (1–)1.5–2 mm diam, subaurianticus vel sub-brunneus;phialides (13.5–)16–19(–20.3) x (1.3–)1.7–2(–2.2) µm; conidii allantoideus, (5.5–)6–6.5(–7.7) × (1.8–)2(–2.5) µm, longitudo/crassitudo (2.5–)3(–3.8); paraphysiscircinatus. Holotypus: FH 3991.60
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