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A New Scanning Method for Fast Atomic Force Microscopy - NT-MDT

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This article has been accepted <strong>for</strong> publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication.13Figure 17. AFM images of <strong>NT</strong>-<strong>MDT</strong> TGQ1 grating scanned in open-loop using the CAV spiral <strong>for</strong> (a) - (c) f s = 5, 30, and 90 Hz. The number o f curve<strong>for</strong> these AFM images was set to 512.Deflection (volt)Deflection (volt)0.80.60.40.250.85 50.9 50.95 51 51.05 51.1t (s)(b) w s = 1131.0 radians/s0.80.60.4(a) w s = 31.4 radians/s0.21.413 1.414 1.415 1.416 1.417 1.418 1.419t (s)Figure 16. Probe deflection signals showing the profile of the calibrationgrating <strong>for</strong> (a) ω s = 31.4 radians/s and (b) ω s = 754.0 radians/s.possible to achieve high-speed atomic <strong>for</strong>ce microscopy usingthe CAV spiral scanning, but other issues like the vibrationsin the AFM probe need to be considered and addressed. Theuse of CLV mode spiral scanning requires a high-bandwidthcontroller <strong>for</strong> accurate tracking of the input signals. Apartfrom the above mentioned artifacts <strong>for</strong>med at the center of theCLV spiral, the obtained AFM images have good qualities.We also demonstrated that the proposed method could workwell without using a feedback controller around the AFMscanner. The possibility of using spiral scanning in other SPMapplications such as STM should also be explored in the future.REFERENCES[1] G. Binnig, C. F. Quate, and C. Gerber, “<strong>Atomic</strong> <strong>for</strong>ce microscope,” Phys.Rev. Lett., vol. 56, no. 9, pp. 930–933, Mar. 1986.[2] E. Meyer, H. J. Hug, and R. Bennewitz, <strong>Scanning</strong> Probe <strong>Microscopy</strong>.Germany: Springer, 2004.[3] B. Bhushan, Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology. Springer, 2006.[4] S. O. R. Moheimani, “Invited review article: Accurate and fast nanopositioningwith piezoelectric tube scanners: Emerging trends and futurechallenges,” Rev. Sci. Instrum., vol. 79, no. 7, pp. 071 101(1–11), July2008.[5] Y. K. Yong, S. Aphale, and S. O. R. Moheimani, “Design, identification,and control of a flexure-based xy stage <strong>for</strong> fast nanoscale positioning,”Nanotechnology, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 46 – 54, Jan.2009.[6] G. Schitter, K. Astrom, B. DeMartini, P. Thurner, K. Turner, andP. Hansma, “Design and modeling of a high-speed afm-scanner,” ControlSystems Technology, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 906 – 915,Sept. 2007.[7] B. P. Lathi, Linear Systems and Signals, 2nd ed. Ox<strong>for</strong>d UniversityPress, 2004.[8] D. Croft, G. Shed, and S. Devasia, “Creep, hysteresis, and vibrationcompensation <strong>for</strong> piezoactuators: <strong>Atomic</strong> <strong>for</strong>ce microscopy application,”J. Dyn. 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Xi, “Feedback controlimplementation <strong>for</strong> AFM contact-mode scanner,” in Nano/MicroEngineered and Molecular Systems, 2008. NEMS 2008. 3rd IEEEInternational Conference on, Jan. 2008, pp. 617–621.[17] C. Lee and S. M. Salapaka, “Robust broadband nanopositioning: Fundamentaltrade-offs, analysis, and design in a two-degree-of-freedomcontrol framework,” Nanotechnology, vol. 20, no. 3, p. 035501 (16pp),2009.[18] A. N. Labinsky, G. A. J. Reynolds, and J. Halliday, “A disk recordingsystem and a method of controlling the rotation of a turn table in sucha disk recording system,” WO, vol. 93/13524, July 2001.[19] A. D. L. Humphris, J. K. Hobbs, and M. J. Miles, “Ultrahigh-speedscanning near-field optical microscopy capable of over 100 frames persecond,” Applied Physics Letters, vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 6 – 8, 2003.[20] G. Schitter and M. J. Rost, “<strong>Scanning</strong> probe microscopy at video-rate,”Materials Today, vol. 11, no. Supplement 1, pp. 40 – 48, 2008.Copyright (c) 2009 IEEE. Personal use is permitted. For any other purposes, Permission must be obtained from the IEEE by emailing pubs-permissions@ieee.org.Authorized licensed use limited to: University of <strong>New</strong>castle. Downloaded on November 26, 2009 at 00:02 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

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