Bumble Bees

Studies on Scandinavian Bumble BeesNatural History, London. Scandinavian materialin general collections, in the Pittioni collection,and in small unarranged collections (Benson,Holgersen, Sparre Schneider, British expeditions,etc.).Zoologisch Museum, University, Amsterdam.Norwegian and Swedish specimens in the generalcollection (Eyndhoven, Kruselnan, Reusch, Toxopeus,etc.). Large Norwegian collection (Barca,Esmark, Hafsahl cf. below, Lie-Pettersen, Lyshoim,Sparre Schneider, Scho-ven, Storm, etc.),and Swedish collection (Bengtsson, Klaue, Roman,etc.) in Vogt collection, which also includesKri.iger collection. Common Swedish specieswere not examined. Frofessor O. Vogt (1909,1911, 1947) communicated with a great manyentomologists and amateurs who fur"nished himwith bumble bees. Specimens not being labelledby the collector were provided by Vogt with smallred locality labels. The great number of individualscollected by the Norwegian medical doctorP. Hafsahl, who lived in Hamar about 100 kmnorth of Oslo, all have the locality F{amar printedon those red labels. However, according to hisnephew, Hafsahl collected bumble bees at variouslocalities, mostly in the lorvlands near by Hamar,but also in subalpine and alpine areas and evenon his travels as far as Germany (A. A. Hafsahlin litt.). Indeed, his travels are reflected in hisbumble bee collection, which represents taxa nototherwise knowu from Hamar, even species notreaching Norway. Owing to the erroneous labelling,the entire material of Hafsahl, part of whichis referred to by Vogt (1909, 1911 , 1947) andKrtiger (1950, 1954, 1956) must unfortunately beconsidered unreliable and is therefore omitted.Zoologisk Museum, University, Copenhagen.Small Norwegian collection (mainly labelled Mus.Drewsen and Mus. Schiodte).American institutions. Cornell University, Dept.of Entomology, Ithaca, New York. Srnall Norwegiancollection (Raffensperger).U.S.D.A. Entomological Research Div., Log&n,Utah. Small Norwegian collection (tsohart).U. S. National Museum, Washington D. C.Small Norwegian collection (SabroskY, SparreSchneider).Personal collectionsLarsson, FI., Uppsala, Sweden. Small collectionfrom Norway: Sor-Trondelag and Sweden:Skflne.Semb-Johansson, A., Oslo, Norway. Small collectionfrom SE Norway.Tjeder, T., Riittvik, Sweden. Small collectionfrom Sweden: Dalarne.In addition to Scandinavian collections, severalFinnish specimens kept at Zoologiska Museet,Helsingfors and Museum Zoologicum, A,bo,were revised.METHCDSTaxonomyCoincident with identificationlrevision of Norwegian.collections,the data. for the individualspecimens were codified, punched on cards, andthe species then sorted geographically by computer,except a minor material identified andadded to the locality lists during the years 1968-1970. The specimens in the Swedish collectionswere catalogued by species and afterwards reaffanged geo graphically.Keys to the Scandinavian Bombus spp.are provided.In the subsequent treatment of the individualspecies they have not been fully described,but are given a fairly broad diagnosis. The s3xesare treated separately. The female characteristics,presented in three sections viz., morphologicalfeatures, colour pattern of the coat, and phenotypicvariations, are introduced flrst and followedby those of the male. To save space, the descriptionof the worker is included in that of thequeen even though some of the features have lessdiagnostic value in that caste, being too diffuse orvariable.The species are treated in alphabetical orderwithin the subgenera and the sequence of the subgeneraare affanged according to Richards (1968).If more species are involved, each sex is given asubgeneric description in order to avoid needlessrepetition in the subsequent description of thespecies. If there is only one species in the sub-