The ecology of Atlantic white cedar wetlands - USGS National ...

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perennial streams (Figure 18) and in the back Putnam and Marion Counties in peninsular FIswamps of larger streams, i.e., far from the main (Collins eta/. 1964; Clewell and Ward 1987).channel. Cedars are absent from large-stream flood-plains where alluvial deposits are heavy and seasonalwater level fluctuation is great.Atlantic white cedar in peninsular Floridaand west along the gulf coast is almost never foundin even-aged stands, although it often overtops associatedhardwoods and is frequently a dominantcomponent of the canopy. The uneven-aged, mixedspeciesstands typical of the southern white cedarforests are a consequence of gap succession(revegetation under openings in the canopy) in theabsence of fire (Clewell and Ward 1987).In contrast to the acid soils in whichChamaecyparis is usually found from North Carolinanorthward, soil pH of 6.6 to 7.5 has been recorded inFires are less frequent or at leadestructive than in the northern range of the sdue to the incised topography, the constantlysoils and leaf litter, and the intermixture of re1poorly burning vegetation of otherand Ward (1 987) believe that the re1structive fires in these southernmixed forest of white cedar,hardwood, and sometimes palm, rather thmonospecific stands of white cedar. Herbspecies are often much more numerousnorthern stands.Ward and Clewell (unpubl.) rlightning, which is particularly frequent inpeninsula, appears to be the major causedeath of mature cedars there. No white cedarsbeen reported to survive a lightning strike.Figure 17. Atlantic white cedar in Southeastern United States, documented by herbarium specirnwork. Open circles represent stands of typical C. thyoides; solid circles represent C. fhyoides(modified from Clewell and Ward 1987).
acemiflora); further up the slope, farklebeky (Vacciniumarboreum), Elliot's blueberry (\I! elliottii), large Figure 18. Atlantic white cedar growing on the banksgallberry (Ilex coriacea), cassine (I. vomitoria), and of a Florida sand-bottom creek (photo courtesy of A.red bay were most abundant in the shrub story. Simmons).
Page 1: Biological Report 85(7.21)July 1989
Page 5 and 6: PREFACEThis monograph on the ecolog
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTSea9tl.PREFACE .............
Page 9 and 10: NumberTABLESEarliest records of Atl
Page 11 and 12: - CHAPTER 1 -INTRODUCTION1 .I GENER
Page 13 and 14: TEMPORARLYSEASONALLY1I SATURATED1Fi
Page 15 and 16: Stagnant,,- melting Icel Block d~ag
Page 17: Table I. Earliest records of Atlant
Page 20 and 21: CHAPTER 2 -REGIONAL OVERVIEW2.1 INT
Page 22 and 23: stands are scattered north and west
Page 24 and 25: state and is gathering data hithert
Page 26 and 27: corner of the state, and Uttertown
Page 28 and 29: hardwood stands, or as isolated tre
Page 30 and 31: cedar have comprised 40%-60% of the
Page 32 and 33: tablished. Drainage from 224 krn of
Page 36 and 37: - CHAPTER 3 -CHAMAECYPARIS THYOIDES
Page 38 and 39: Ms&gua As early as 1923, Akermandes
Page 40 and 41: - CHAPTER 4 -STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Page 42 and 43: ottomland-isolatedtill & bedrockupl
Page 44 and 45: Table 5. Mean August tissue nutrien
Page 46 and 47: - CHAPTER 5 -BIOLOGICAL COMPONENTS
Page 48 and 49: Figure 24a. Companions: plants freq
Page 50 and 51: Figure 24c. Companions: Plants freq
Page 52 and 53: ?able 7. Comparison of bird species
Page 54 and 55: Meanley (1979) emphasized the impor
Page 56 and 57: - CHAPTER 6 -MANAGEMENT AND HARVEST
Page 58 and 59: FireBurnedtreesPeatGlacialrubble-Tr
Page 60 and 61: Mixedhardwood& shrubsPeatGlacialrub
Page 62 and 63: acidity is reduced, and ammonia, ph
Page 64 and 65: and condition of the soil surface a
Page 66 and 67: sprouts and shade-tolerant shrubs g
Page 68 and 69: Figure 32. Atlantic white cedar reg
Page 70 and 71: sedhflings, conversely, canopy open
Page 72 and 73: FORESTMANAGEMENTSCHEMAT I CLEGEND-
Page 74 and 75: -.- Rsfupe BoundaryState BoundaryRo
Page 76 and 77: NATIONAL WILDLIFE RERX;EVirginia an
Page 78 and 79: Figure 38. Alligator River (North C
Page 80 and 81: Mainland Dare County is located on
Page 82 and 83: The cedar swamp forests along the A
Page 84 and 85:
IPure Atlanticwhite cedar standsy-J
Page 86 and 87:
Generally, the mixed swamp forest s
Page 88 and 89:
species of mammals are recorded by
Page 90 and 91:
Braun-Blanquet, J. [I 9321 1983. Pl
Page 92 and 93:
Ferguson, R.H., and C.E. Meyer. 197
Page 94 and 95:
Littte, S. 1953. Prescribed burning
Page 96 and 97:
Porter, D.M. 1979. Rare and endange
Page 98 and 99:
Gov. Print. Off., Washington, DC. (
Page 101 and 102:
APPENDIX A. Flora Associated with C
Page 103 and 104:
APPENDIX A. Flora: Trees (6ontin~ed
Page 106 and 107:
APPENDIX A. Flora: Shrubs (Continue
Page 108 and 109:
APPENDIX A. Fiora: Herbs (Continud)
Page 110 and 111:
APPENDIX A. Flora: Herbs (Continued
Page 112 and 113:
APPENDIX A. flora: Herbs (Continued
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
APPENDIX B. FAUNA OF ATLANTIC WHITE
Page 120 and 121:
APPENDIX C. Hydric Soilsis a soil t
Page 122 and 123:
Frost, CecilFuller, ManleyFunk, Dav
Page 124 and 125:
Ward, Daniel B.Whigham, DennisWidof
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