The ecology of Atlantic white cedar wetlands - USGS National ...

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The mention of trade names does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the FederalGovernment.Library of Congress Cahlqing-in-Publication DutuLaderman, Airnlee D.The ecology of Atlantic white cedar wetlands.(Biological report ; 85(7.21)"October 1988Bibliography: p.Supt. of Docs. no.: 149.89/2:85(7.21)1. Wetland ecology-Atlantic States. 2. Atlantic white cedar--Atlantic States. I. Brody, Michael. 11.Pendleton, Edward C. Ill. National Wetlands Research Center. IV. Title. V. Series: Biological report(Washington, D.C.) ; 85-7.21.QH104.5.AWl-34 1988 574.5'26325'097 88-600399This report may be cited as:Laderman, A.D. 1989. The ecology of the Atlantic white cedar wetlands: a community profile. U.S. Fish Wtldl.Serv. Biol. Rep. 85(7.21). 114 pp.
PREFACEThis monograph on the ecology of Atlantic white cedar wetlands is one of a series of U.S. Fish and WildlifeService profiles of important freshwater wetland ecosystems of the United States. The purpose of the profileis to describe the extent, components, functioning, history, and treatment of these wetlands. It is intendedto provide a useful reference to relevant scientific information and a synthesis of the available literature.Theworld range of Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides) is limited to a ribbon of freshwater wetlandswithin 200 km of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States, extending from mid-Maine to mid-Floridaand Mississippi. Often in inaccessible sites and difficult to traverse, cedar wetlands contain distinctive suitesof plant species. Highly valued as commercial timber since the early days of European colonization of thecontinent, the cedar and its habitat are rapidly disappearing.This profile describes the Atlantic white cedar and the bogs and swamps it dominates or codominatesthroughout its range, discussing interrelationships with other habitats, putative origins and migration patterns,substrate biogeochemistry, associated plant and animal species (with attention to those that are rare,endangered, or threatened regionally or nationally), and impacts of both natural and anthropogenic disturbance.Research needs for each area are outlined. Chapters are devoted to the practices and problems ofharvest and management, and to an examination of a large preserve recently acquired by the USFWS, theAlligator River National Wildlife Refuge in North Carolina.
Page 1: Biological Report 85(7.21)July 1989
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTSea9tl.PREFACE .............
Page 9 and 10: NumberTABLESEarliest records of Atl
Page 11 and 12: - CHAPTER 1 -INTRODUCTION1 .I GENER
Page 13 and 14: TEMPORARLYSEASONALLY1I SATURATED1Fi
Page 15 and 16: Stagnant,,- melting Icel Block d~ag
Page 17: Table I. Earliest records of Atlant
Page 20 and 21: CHAPTER 2 -REGIONAL OVERVIEW2.1 INT
Page 22 and 23: stands are scattered north and west
Page 24 and 25: state and is gathering data hithert
Page 26 and 27: corner of the state, and Uttertown
Page 28 and 29: hardwood stands, or as isolated tre
Page 30 and 31: cedar have comprised 40%-60% of the
Page 32 and 33: tablished. Drainage from 224 krn of
Page 34 and 35: perennial streams (Figure 18) and i
Page 36 and 37: - CHAPTER 3 -CHAMAECYPARIS THYOIDES
Page 38 and 39: Ms&gua As early as 1923, Akermandes
Page 40 and 41: - CHAPTER 4 -STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Page 42 and 43: ottomland-isolatedtill & bedrockupl
Page 44 and 45: Table 5. Mean August tissue nutrien
Page 46 and 47: - CHAPTER 5 -BIOLOGICAL COMPONENTS
Page 48 and 49: Figure 24a. Companions: plants freq
Page 50 and 51: Figure 24c. Companions: Plants freq
Page 52 and 53:
?able 7. Comparison of bird species
Page 54 and 55:
Meanley (1979) emphasized the impor
Page 56 and 57:
- CHAPTER 6 -MANAGEMENT AND HARVEST
Page 58 and 59:
FireBurnedtreesPeatGlacialrubble-Tr
Page 60 and 61:
Mixedhardwood& shrubsPeatGlacialrub
Page 62 and 63:
acidity is reduced, and ammonia, ph
Page 64 and 65:
and condition of the soil surface a
Page 66 and 67:
sprouts and shade-tolerant shrubs g
Page 68 and 69:
Figure 32. Atlantic white cedar reg
Page 70 and 71:
sedhflings, conversely, canopy open
Page 72 and 73:
FORESTMANAGEMENTSCHEMAT I CLEGEND-
Page 74 and 75:
-.- Rsfupe BoundaryState BoundaryRo
Page 76 and 77:
NATIONAL WILDLIFE RERX;EVirginia an
Page 78 and 79:
Figure 38. Alligator River (North C
Page 80 and 81:
Mainland Dare County is located on
Page 82 and 83:
The cedar swamp forests along the A
Page 84 and 85:
IPure Atlanticwhite cedar standsy-J
Page 86 and 87:
Generally, the mixed swamp forest s
Page 88 and 89:
species of mammals are recorded by
Page 90 and 91:
Braun-Blanquet, J. [I 9321 1983. Pl
Page 92 and 93:
Ferguson, R.H., and C.E. Meyer. 197
Page 94 and 95:
Littte, S. 1953. Prescribed burning
Page 96 and 97:
Porter, D.M. 1979. Rare and endange
Page 98 and 99:
Gov. Print. Off., Washington, DC. (
Page 101 and 102:
APPENDIX A. Flora Associated with C
Page 103 and 104:
APPENDIX A. Flora: Trees (6ontin~ed
Page 106 and 107:
APPENDIX A. Flora: Shrubs (Continue
Page 108 and 109:
APPENDIX A. Fiora: Herbs (Continud)
Page 110 and 111:
APPENDIX A. Flora: Herbs (Continued
Page 112 and 113:
APPENDIX A. flora: Herbs (Continued
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
APPENDIX B. FAUNA OF ATLANTIC WHITE
Page 120 and 121:
APPENDIX C. Hydric Soilsis a soil t
Page 122 and 123:
Frost, CecilFuller, ManleyFunk, Dav
Page 124 and 125:
Ward, Daniel B.Whigham, DennisWidof
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