Revenue Administration in Sub-Saharan Africa - International Tax ...

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function. Only 3 revenue bodies (SARS, RRA and ERCU) reported IT expenditures above5% of total administrative expenditure (in 2008) while in the majority of the countries,IT expenditures on average accounts for less than 2% of total administrativeexpenditure. 73 Effective IT systems are a critical feature of modern revenueadministration and, revenue bodies are actively improving IT systems as part of theirbroader revenue reform strategies. 74 The wide disparity across countries largely reflectslevels of reform and modernization. For instance, Rwanda and Ethiopia reported highexpenditures on IT because they were deploying a new integrated tax administrationsystem (ITAS) while South Africa was investing in IT to modernize certain aspects of itstax operations. 75Table 12: Total cost of collection ratio for the revenue bodyCountryTotal administrative expenditure as a share of total revenue2006 2007 2008Benin n.a. 0.5 0.5Botswana 0.7 0.7 0.7Burundi n.a. n.a. 3Ethiopia n.a. n.a. n.a.Ghana 2.8 2.7 2.8Kenya 1.9 1.7 1.6Malawi 3.23 3.08 3.6Mauritius n.a 1.8 1.7Rwanda 3.3 3.0 2.7SierraLeone3.8 3.9 3.4Senegal n.a. n.a. n.a.SouthAfrica1.0 1.0 1.0Tanzania 3.4 3.4 2.8Uganda 2.6 2.3 2.0Zambia 2.7 2.3 2.373 This may have changed in a number of countries currently undertaking huge IT investments (Kenya and Uganda areimplementing integrated tax administration systems).74 Modern revenue administrations spend significant resources improving and computerizing their business processes.A 2009 OECD survey shows that total IT costs reported for 11 countries exceeded 15% of aggregate expenditure in eachof the 2005 to 2007 years.75 Kenya, Botswana, Malawi, Uganda and Zambia indicated they were contemplating additional investments in IT tomodernize tax operations to provide for e-filling and e-payment solutions.51
Table 13: Share of total wage bill in total expenditureCountryYear2006 2007 2008Benin n.a. 95.9 95.9Botswana n.a. n.a. n.a.Burundi n.a. n.a. n.a.Ethiopia n.a. n.a. n.a.Ghana 70.9 71.9 75.1Kenya 60.7 67.8 69.8Malawi 55 57 58Mauritius 44.4 77.2 77.6Rwanda 67.3 78.2 65.9Sierra Leone 52.3 59.4 58.2Senegal n.a. n.a. n.a.South Africa 60.6 62.3 61.4Tanzania 69.3 57.0 62.7Uganda 74.6 74.6 69.5Zambia 74.2 74.2 70.652
Page 1 and 2: INTERNATIONALTAXDIALOGUE2010Revenue
Page 3 and 4: Table 12: Total cost of collection
Page 5 and 6: PCCAPAYEPITPSVRAGBRRARTSASACUSARSSS
Page 7 and 8: Executive summaryRevenue administra
Page 9 and 10: Institutional arrangements for reve
Page 11 and 12: • All unified semi-autonomous rev
Page 13 and 14: B. Scope of revenue bodies’ respo
Page 15 and 16: C. Relative autonomy of revenue bod
Page 17 and 18: Survey results (Table 3)• All rev
Page 19 and 20: Key observationsRevenue administrat
Page 21 and 22: You are entitled to expect SARS:Box
Page 23 and 24: Box 4: An example of a codified set
Page 25 and 26: Table 2: Tax and non-tax revenues a
Page 27 and 28: Table 4: Decision making structures
Page 29 and 30: The organization of revenue bodiesC
Page 31 and 32: The ‘taxpayer segment’ model: A
Page 33 and 34: Key observationsSurvey results indi
Page 35 and 36: Box 6: The common characteristics o
Page 37 and 38: C. Office network and staffingIntro
Page 39 and 40: Table 7: Selected features of the o
Page 41 and 42: Table 9: Number of staff and distri
Page 43 and 44: A. Strategic planning and managemen
Page 45 and 46: Key observationsThe corporate plann
Page 47 and 48: Table 10: Selected management pract
Page 49 and 50: A. An overview of funding mechanism
Page 51: B. Revenue administration expenditu
Page 55 and 56: Revenue performance 76Chapter VKey
Page 57 and 58: Table 15: Revenue collection data f
Page 59 and 60: Domestic tax return filing, assessm
Page 61 and 62: A. Taxpayer registration and design
Page 63 and 64: VAT• All the surveyed countries h
Page 65 and 66: C. Taxation of small and micro-busi
Page 67 and 68: D. Use of modern electronic applica
Page 69 and 70: Table 18: PIT filing, assessment an
Page 71 and 72: CountryHow is the final annual PIT
Page 73 and 74: Table 20: VAT filing, assessment an
Page 75 and 76: CountryTable 21: Taxation of small
Page 77 and 78: CountryBasis used todeterminetaxMal
Page 79 and 80: Use of electronic application in ta
Page 81 and 82: Legal and administrative powers of
Page 83 and 84: functions. These powers are also co
Page 85 and 86: Table 26: Information gathering pow
Page 87 and 88: CountryTable 28: Interest and admin
Page 89 and 90: CountryTable 29: Interest and admin
Page 91 and 92: CountrySouth AfricaTanzaniaUgandaZa
Page 93 and 94: CountryMalawiMauritiusRwandaSierraL
Page 95 and 96: AnnexesAnnex 1: Organization struct
Page 97 and 98: KRABoard of DirectorsCommissionerGe
Page 99 and 100: ZRABoard of DirectorsCommissionerGe
Page 101 and 102: ERCADirector GeneralAdvisory BoardE
Page 103 and 104:
MauRABoard ofDirectorsInternal Audi
Page 105 and 106:
Clarify SARS’operatingmodel,strea
Page 107 and 108:
Enhancethe URAcorporateimageLevel o
Page 109 and 110:
KRAMissionVisionValuesTo promote co
Page 111 and 112:
ZRAMissionVisionValuesTo maximize a
Page 113 and 114:
MauRAMissionVisionValuesTo continua
Page 115 and 116:
GRAMissionVisionValuesTo supervise
Page 117 and 118:
Source: ECRA• Cross cutting issue
Page 119 and 120:
MalawiType of taxRevenue collected
Page 121 and 122:
GhanaTax categoryRevenue collection
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