VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT BRUSSEL Acoustics - the Dept. of ...
VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT BRUSSEL Acoustics - the Dept. of ...
VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT BRUSSEL Acoustics - the Dept. of ...
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ContentsI Introduction to acoustics 11 Fundamental Concepts <strong>of</strong> <strong>Acoustics</strong> 31.1 Definition and origin <strong>of</strong> sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.2 Plane sound waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.2.1 Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.2.2 The speed <strong>of</strong> sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.2.3 The one-dimensional wave equation . . . . . . . . . . . 81.2.4 Acoustic impedance <strong>of</strong> a medium . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.3 Spherical sound waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.4 Cylindrical sound waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.5 Sound levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.5.1 The effective sound pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.5.2 The dB-scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.5.3 Superposition <strong>of</strong> two sounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.5.4 Types <strong>of</strong> sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181.6 The acoustic intensity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181.6.1 Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181.6.2 The sound intensity level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201.7 Source power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201.7.1 Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201.7.2 The sound field produced by a point source . . . . . . 212 The human hearing system 232.1 Anatomy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.1.1 The external ear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.1.2 The middle ear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.1.3 The internal ear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242.2 Physiology <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.2.1 The auditory field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.2.2 Amplification <strong>of</strong> signals in hearing . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.3 Pathology <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30v