UNAIDS: The First 10 Years

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This book is in memory of Julia Cleves; a woman who had vision, humour,prodigious stamina and who was endlessly kind. These attributes and hercontribution to international AIDS, health and development work willbe remembered by many – and greatly missed by those fortunate to haveworked with her.
UNAIDS History: PrefaceThis is the history of a relatively young organization – UNAIDS, launched in 1996 to strengthen the way inwhich the United Nations (UN) was responding to AIDS, one of the worst pandemics the world has everknown. By 1996, some 15 years since a few cases of the new condition were first reported in a scientificpublication, over four million people had died from AIDS, several million were living with HIV and the futurepredictions were dire.5This book relates the struggles and achievements of the institution, and the contribution it has made to theprogress, however slow and faltering at times, in the battle against one of the greatest threats humankindhas faced. It also attempts to explain the innovative nature of UNAIDS – a joint programme that has broughttogether a number of cosponsoring UN organizations (originally six, now 10). Only a special UN programmewas deemed capable by its creators of ‘orchestrating a global response to a fast-growing epidemic of afeared and stigmatized disease whose roots and ramifications extend into virtually all aspects of society 1 ’.However, due to limitations of space, this is mainly a history of the UNAIDS Secretariat; the readers shouldnot expect a full account of the 10 UNAIDS Cosponsors’ and other partners’ involvement in the fight againstAIDS. Although, as the book reveals, partnership with individuals and organizations from all sectors of societyis, and always has been, key to the work of UNAIDS.So, largely a history of an institution and its staff, the book is structured according to the Programme’sdecision-making cycles: its central chapters each span a two-year period because UNAIDS develops itsbudget and workplan every biennium. Thus, the biennial chapters represent a significant and specific periodin the life of the organization: every two years, UNAIDS staff, building on the work and lessons of previousyears, critically review strategies, initiatives and partners to help contain AIDS. Every two years, UNAIDSstaff have a specific set of concerns and priorities in their attempt to multiply the number of fronts on whichthe battle against AIDS is fought. Not only do the chapters represent a specific phase in the history of theorganization, they also describe paradigm shifts and global progress made in the AIDS response.Each chapter describes the efforts that UNAIDS and its partners were making on many fronts – advocacy,fundraising, prevention, treatment and suchlike, and describes the fruits and failures of UN and global efforts.As such, every chapter weaves in the many different themes and areas of work that together make up the fullmultisectoral effort and that are at the heart of UNAIDS’ mandate. The themes addressed in this book includeaccess to HIV treatment; advocating politicians to make AIDS a national priority; fighting stigma; workingwith partners to significantly raise the funding for AIDS and supporting countries and donors to use thesemonies effectively; coordinating the actions of the many AIDS actors; promoting implementation of effectiveprogrammes and technical support in countries; and renewing the focus on women’s vulnerability andprevention.At the heart of this history are the stories of many people and their efforts. More than 150 men and womenwere interviewed; the book is largely based on their accounts. Clearly these are subjective, we do not pretendto have any absolute truths. But we do hope we have provided a multifaceted account of the history ofUNAIDS based on multiple subjective views. These most importantly include those of people living with HIV,whose contribution is vital to effective work on AIDS.Although the history plots progress on many levels through the work of UNAIDS and its partners, ultimatelyit highlights the many challenges the world still faces if this deadly pandemic is to be reversed.1Report of the Committee of Cosponsoring Organizations of the Joint and Cosponsored United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.E/1995/71,19 May 1995.
Page 3 and 4: UNAIDSThe First 10 Years1996-2007by
Page 5: ContentsUNAIDS History: Preface 5Ch
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 1Chapter 1:The beginning of
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 1AIDS was also treated as a
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 111AIDS activist and writer
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 1The United Nations respons
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1AIDS prevention’. In Dec
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 117A Zimbabwean woman being
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 1GPA’s fate was sealed in
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 1The Task Force’s main pr
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 123With growing rates ofHIV
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 1million new HIV infections
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 2Chapter 2:The development
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 2strongly that UNAIDS by no
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 23115th meeting of theUNAID
Page 35 and 36: Chapter 233Peter Piot on the dayof
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 235The group who attendedPe
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 237Participants at theUNAID
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 2Although the relationship
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 2Throughout 1995, UNAIDS st
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 2Agreeing the budget43There
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 2many other global programm
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 3Chapter 3:UNAIDS opens for
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 3She added that it was, nev
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 3resources. “The UN colle
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 3Groups in moving from the
Page 57 and 58:
Chapter 3De Lay explained: “And t
Page 59 and 60:
Chapter 3their resources, because t
Page 61 and 62:
Chapter 359In 1996 scientistsannoun
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Chapter 3In collaboration with the
Page 65 and 66:
Chapter 3Prevention: the crucial is
Page 67 and 68:
Chapter 3Establishing the broad coa
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Chapter 3The World AIDS Campaign67I
Page 71 and 72:
Chapter 3“UNAIDS did seem to be a
Page 73 and 74:
Chapter 3Bertozzi also talks about
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Chapter 4CHAPTER 4:Changing the pol
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Chapter 4But too many political lea
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Chapter 4technical standards and en
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Chapter 479Lucky Mazibuko wasthe
Page 83 and 84:
Chapter 481Participants at theCospo
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Chapter 4The United Nations Office
Page 87 and 88:
Chapter 4systems. As the UNAIDS Pro
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Chapter 4“I had no ideathat that
Page 91 and 92:
Chapter 4Such feelings led, in July
Page 93 and 94:
Chapter 4UNAIDS’ partnershipwith
Page 95 and 96:
Chapter 4A furtherchallenge wasto p
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Chapter 4The Secretary-General’s
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Chapter 4should not be talking abou
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Chapter 4their habit while in priso
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Côte d’IvoireCôte d’Ivoire101
Page 105 and 106:
Côte d’IvoireSubstantial financi
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Chapter 5Chapter 5:The end of the b
Page 109 and 110:
Chapter 5Piot recalled: “There ha
Page 111 and 112:
Chapter 5Fighting for AIDS treatmen
Page 113 and 114:
Chapter 5and discrimination were hi
Page 115 and 116:
Chapter 5“We’re keen on this pa
Page 117 and 118:
Chapter 5UNAIDS has developed an ad
Page 119 and 120:
Chapter 5major donor in the early y
Page 121 and 122:
Chapter 5“I let people seethat I
Page 123 and 124:
Chapter 5Policy making: increasing
Page 125 and 126:
Chapter 5123Still far too manyposit
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Chapter 5The Agreement on Trade-Rel
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Chapter 5Crucially, condom supplies
Page 131 and 132:
Chapter 5to treatment as well as pr
Page 133 and 134:
Chapter 5Nina Ferencic, UNAIDS Regi
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Chapter 5133The AIDS red ribbonglow
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Chapter 5135UNGASS helped to putthe
Page 139 and 140:
Chapter 5The International Labour O
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UkraineUkraine139Ukraine has the hi
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UkraineDevelopment Programme,the Un
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Ukraineare allocated for the provis
Page 147 and 148:
Chapter 6Chapter 6:Changing the Uni
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Chapter 6147Women urgently need tob
Page 151 and 152:
Chapter 6Major reasons for this wer
Page 153 and 154:
Chapter 6Roger Salla Ntounga, now U
Page 155 and 156:
Chapter 6Continuing advocacy153“A
Page 157 and 158:
Chapter 6Zackie Achmat ( secondfrom
Page 159 and 160:
Chapter 6and discussions on HIV-rel
Page 161 and 162:
Chapter 6also a seat for a person a
Page 163 and 164:
Chapter 6not to replace existing di
Page 165 and 166:
Chapter 6163Attitudes to AIDS inChi
Page 167 and 168:
Chapter 6By the end of theAAI, perc
Page 169 and 170:
Chapter 6167Former US PresidentBill
Page 171 and 172:
Chapter 62003 - a year of the signi
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Chapter 6was the requirement that 3
Page 175 and 176:
Chapter 6monitoring and evaluation.
Page 177 and 178:
Haiti175Haitian AIDSorphans queuein
Page 179 and 180:
Haiti177Haiti has the highestpreval
Page 181 and 182:
Haitihave AIDS?), by Haiti’s most
Page 183 and 184:
Chapter 7Chapter 7:Making the money
Page 185 and 186:
Chapter 7183At a youth forum onHIV/
Page 187 and 188:
Chapter 7Kristan Schoultz, former U
Page 189 and 190:
Chapter 7ment and health even thoug
Page 191 and 192:
Chapter 7latures and citizens, dono
Page 193 and 194:
Chapter 7Piot commented that when h
Page 195 and 196:
Chapter 7Since 2004, UNAIDS has pla
Page 197 and 198:
Chapter 7Challenges to the “Three
Page 199 and 200:
Chapter 7197Sex workers inCalcutta
Page 201 and 202:
Chapter 7Special human resources pr
Page 203 and 204:
Chapter 7from the developed world f
Page 205 and 206:
KenyaKenya - an early proponent of
Page 207 and 208:
KenyaIn response to this challenge,
Page 209 and 210:
Kenya207Charles aged 9, receivesora
Page 211 and 212:
Chapter 8CHAPTER 8:Improving the fo
Page 213 and 214:
Chapter 8“Prevention ischallengin
Page 215 and 216:
Chapter 8213UNAIDS ExecutiveDirecto
Page 217 and 218:
Chapter 8Sigrun Mogedal, who is cur
Page 219 and 220:
Chapter 8217The rates of HIV have s
Page 221 and 222:
Chapter 8The GCWA provided funds to
Page 223 and 224:
Chapter 8The needs of children and
Page 225 and 226:
Chapter 8The project aimed to bring
Page 227 and 228:
Chapter 8Worldwide, it wasestimated
Page 229 and 230:
Chapter 8The “3 by 5” initiativ
Page 231 and 232:
Chapter 8Kevin Moody, a former memb
Page 233 and 234:
MalawiMalawi231Malawi, a sub-Sahara
Page 235 and 236:
MalawiUNAIDS adopted a two-pronged
Page 237 and 238:
Malawigovernment structures and sys
Page 239 and 240:
Malawi… usher in the new era of d
Page 241 and 242:
Malawi239Today, increased numbersof
Page 243 and 244:
MalawiUNAIDS has helped to coordina
Page 245 and 246:
Chapter 9Chapter 9:Looking to the f
Page 247 and 248:
Chapter 9Putting AIDS on the politi
Page 249 and 250:
Chapter 9A global reference point24
Page 251 and 252:
Chapter 9249UN Secretary-GeneralKof
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Chapter 9Stigma, human rights and t
Page 255 and 256:
Chapter 9Coalition building253As th
Page 257 and 258:
The challengesThe challenges: the n
Page 259 and 260:
The challenges257HIV/AIDS awareness
Page 261 and 262:
The challengesto HIV infection. Thu
Page 263 and 264:
The challengesThe challenges:need t
Page 265 and 266:
The challengesConclusion263Given th
Page 267 and 268:
Acronyms265NACCNGONIHOAFLAOECDPAFPA
Page 269 and 270:
Index267antiretrovirals see drugs f
Page 271 and 272:
Indexsupply problems 123women 214,
Page 273 and 274:
IndexFrançois-Xavier Bagnoud Cente
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IndexHauya, Roy (Malawi, National A
Page 277 and 278:
IndexLatin America, Horizontal Tech
Page 279 and 280:
IndexNakajima, Hiroshi (WHO Directo
Page 281 and 282:
Index2007 statistics 243Haiti 178pr
Page 283 and 284:
IndexSimon, Yolanda (Caribbean Regi
Page 285 and 286:
IndexUN Economic and Social Council
Page 287 and 288:
IndexWensley, Penny (Australia) 127
Page 290:
Uniting the world against AIDS
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UNAIDS: The First 10 Years

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