FM 100-5 Operations - Survival Ebooks Military Manuals Survival ...

WWW.SURVIVALEBOOKS.COMFM 100-5location. Military and civilian communication satellitesprovide responsive, worldwide, line-of-sight communicationslinks to tactical forces.The Tactical Exploitation of National CapabilitiesProgram also provides reconnaissance, surveillance,and target acquisition support to tactical units. TheDefense Meteorological Satellite Program and civilianenvironmental monitoring satellites provideweather and terrain information. The efficiencies resultingfrom the use of these space capabilities havedramatic effect on ground combat operations. Forexample, precise knowledge of the location of friendlyunits allows for rapid decision making, quick adjustmentsof fires, and greater protection of the force.When married with precise knowledge of enemy locations,this capability allows the Army forces to dominatethe battlefield. These capabilities are further definedin four military space functions.Force Enhancement. This function is analogousto combat support with space capabilities that improvethe effectiveness of forces across the full range of militaryactivities. It includes, but is not limited to,commun- ications, navigation, weather, and surveillancesupport. Commanders use the capabilities offorce enhancement to reduce uncertainty, to facilitatecommand and control (C2), and to moderate the effectsof friction.Commercial and allied space capabilities may augmentUS military space systems if military capabilitiesare lost or unavailable. Immediate worldwideconnectivity can be provided to all forces in combat,regardless of the level of commitment, physical location,weather conditions, or type of operation. Forexample, during Operations Desert Shield and DesertStorm and joint task force (JTF) operations in Somalia,satellite communications, military and commercial,provided the backbone for long-haul and intratheaterconnectivity. In regions with limited communicationsinfrastructure, satellite communications are theonly means to provide reliable, high-capacity services.Also, successful contingency operations rely on highlymobile satellite communications terminals for rapidinsertion and flexible C2 links.Force Application. This function is the conductof combat operations from, in, or through space. Consistentwith treaty obligations and national policy, thiscapability currently uses space- and ground-based defensesto provide protection from ballistic missiles.Technology development creates other capabilities tosupport national power projection through this function.With its potential global positioning, space-basedfirepower can suppress, neutralize, or destroy enemyoffensive and defensive capabilities. In addition, thethreat of potential space to ground fires could create aposition of advantage at the strategic, operational, andtactical levels.Space Control. This function is the conduct ofoffensive and defensive space operations directedagainst the enemy’s space forces to gain and maintainspace superiority. It ensures freedom of action in spacefor friendly forces while denying it to the enemy.Space Support. Space support provides the militaryinfrastructure to deploy and maintain militaryspace systems. This function includes Army forcesand activities responsible for maintaining telemetry,tracking and commanding space systems, recoveringspacecraft, and providing logistics support for space,ground control, and launch elements.As the United States makes further advances inspace, the interdependence between space and Armysystems will become even greater. Commanders mustseize the opportunity to enhance ground capabilities,while guarding against vulnerabilities to enemy spaceoperations. Joint Publication 3-14 and FM 100-18 discussspace operations.Electronic warfare (EW) uses the electromagneticspectrum to locate enemy units and facilities, to interceptenemy communications, and to disrupt enemy C2and target acquisition systems at critical moments.Commanders employ joint EW systems as they employfires. They use the effects of these systems toslow, misdirect, or confound enemy operations andsynchronize them accordingly. EW operations occurconcurrently at all levels.Commanders can use joint EW to generate falsesignals of friendly forces that confuse, mask, or deceive.They synchronize these efforts with one anotherand with other functions—particularly maneuver,firepower, and air operations—to obtain the bestresults. Since the enemy has an EW capability also,commanders must degrade it while protecting theirown. OPSEC, as a passive form of protecting the presence2-17