Improving Web Application Security: Threats and - CGISecurity

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528 Part IV: Securing Your Network, Host and Application To configure Windows only authentication1. Start SQL Server Enterprise Manager, expand the SQL Server Group, and thenexpand your SQL Server.2. Right-click your SQL Server, and then click Properties.3. Click the Security tab.4. Select Windows only, and then click OK.5. Restart SQL Server for the changes to take effect.Set SQL Server Audit Level to Failure or AllBy default, SQL Server login auditing is not enabled. Minimally, you should auditfailed logins.Note Log entries are written to SQL log files. By default, these are located in C:\ProgramFiles\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL\LOG. You can use any text reader, such as Notepad, to viewthem. To enable SQL Server auditing1. Start SQL Server Enterprise Manager, expand the SQL Server Group, and thenexpand your SQL Server.2. Right-click your SQL Server, and then click Properties.3. Click the Security tab.4. Set the Audit level to either All or Failure.5. Restart SQL Server for the changes to audit policy to take effect.For more information about SQL Server audit logs, see the TechNet article and itssection “Understanding the Audit Log” in the “SQL Server 2000 Auditing” article athttp://www.microsoft.com/technet/treeview/default.asp?url=/technet/security/prodtech/dbsql/sql2kaud.asp?frame=true.Run SQL Server Using a Least Privileged AccountRun the SQL Server service using a least privileged account to minimize the damagethat can be done by an attacker who manages to execute operating system commandsfrom SQL Server. The SQL Server service account should not be granted elevatedprivileges such as membership to the Administrators group.
Chapter 18: Securing Your Database Server 529 To configure the SQL Server run as accountThis procedure uses Enterprise Manager instead of the Services MMC snap-inbecause Enterprise Manager automatically grants the user rights that a SQL Serverservice account requires.1. Start SQL Server Enterprise Manager, expand the SQL Server Group, and thenexpand your SQL Server.2. Right-click your SQL Server, and then click Properties.3. Click the Security tab.4. Click This account in the Startup service account group. Enter the user name andpassword of your least privileged account.5. Restart SQL Server for the changes to take effect.Note If you use the SQLSERVERAGENT service, the run-as account must also be changed. Use theServices MMC snap-in to change this setting.For more information about creating a least privileged account to run SQL Server, see“Step 4: Accounts.”Step 11. SQL Server Logins, Users, and RolesTo be able to access objects in a database you need to pass two layers of securitychecks. First, you need to present a valid set of login credentials to SQL Server. If youuse Windows authentication, you need to connect using a Windows account that hasbeen granted a SQL Server login. If you use SQL Server authentication, you need tosupply a valid user name and password combination.The login grants you access to SQL Server. To access a database, the login must beassociated with a database user inside the database you want to connect to. If thelogin is associated with a database user, the capabilities of the login inside thedatabase are determined by the permissions associated with that user. If a login is notassociated with a specific database user, the capabilities of the login are determinedby the permissions granted to the public role in the database. All valid logins areassociated with the public role, which is present in every database and cannot bedeleted. By default, the public role within any database that you create is not grantedany permissions.Use the following recommendations to improve authorization settings in thedatabase:● Use a strong sa (system administrator) password.●●●Remove the SQL guest user account.Remove the BUILTIN\Administrators server login.Do not grant permissions for the public role.
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ForewordsForeword by Mark CurpheyWh
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Part IIntroduction to Threats andCo
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3Threat ModelingIn This Chapter●
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patterns & practicesProven practice
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