Improving Web Application Security: Threats and - CGISecurity

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530 Part IV: Securing Your Network, Host and ApplicationUse a Strong sa (System Administrator) PasswordThe default system administrator (sa) account has been a subject of countless attacks.It is the default member of the SQL Server administration fixed server role sysadmin.Make sure you use a strong password with this account.Important The sa account is still active even when you change from SQL authentication toWindows authentication.Apply strong passwords to all accounts, particularly privileged accounts such asmembers of the sysadmin and db_owner roles. If you are using replication, alsoapply a strong password to the distributor_admin account that is used to establishconnections to remote distributor servers.Remove the SQL Guest User AccountWhen you install SQL Server, a guest user account is created if the Windows 2000guest account is enabled. A login assumes the identity of guest if the login has accessto SQL Server but does not have access to a database through a database useraccount.It is a good idea to disable the Windows guest account. Additionally, remove theguest account from all user-defined databases. Note that you cannot remove guestfrom the master, tempdb, and replication and distribution databases.Remove the BUILTIN\Administrators Server LoginBy default, the BUILTIN\Administrators local Windows group is added to thesysadmin fixed server role to administer SQL Server. This means that domainadministrators who are members of BUILTIN\Administrators have unrestrictedaccess to the SQL Server database. Most companies differentiate the role of domainadministrator and database administrator. If you do this, remove theBUILTIN\Administrators SQL Server login. It is a good idea to create a specificWindows group containing specific database administrations in its place and addedto SQL server as a server login as shown in the following procedure. To add a new login for database administrators1. Start Enterprise Manager.2. Expand Microsoft SQL Server, expand SQL Server Group, and then expand yourSQL Server.3. Expand the Security folder, select and right-click Logins, and then clickNew Login.4. In the Name field, enter a custom Windows group that contains only databaseadministrators.5. Click the Server Roles tab, and then select System Administrators.
Chapter 18: Securing Your Database Server 531This adds the new login to the sysadmin server role. To delete the BUILTIN\Administrators login1. Start Enterprise Manager.2. Expand Microsoft SQL Server, expand SQL Server Group, and then expand yourSQL Server.3. Expand the Security folder, and select Logins. If BUILTIN\Administratorsappears in the list of logins, right-click it, and then click Delete to remove thelogin.For more information about reconfiguring the SQL service accounts after theinstallation, see the MSDN article, “Changing Passwords and User Accounts”at http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/instsql/in_afterinstall_4p0z.asp.Do Not Grant Permissions for the Public RoleAll databases contain a public database role. Every other user, group, and role is amember of the public role. You cannot remove members of the public role. Instead,do not grant the permissions for the public role that grant access to your application’sdatabase tables, stored procedures, and other objects. Otherwise, you cannot get theauthorization that you want using user-defined database roles because the public rolegrants default permissions for users in a database.Additional ConsiderationsAlso consider the following recommendations when configuring SQL Server logins,users, and roles:● Limit the members of sysadmin. To make sure there is individual accountability,restrict the number of accounts that are members of the sysadmin role. Ideally, nomore than two users are members of this role.● Grant restricted database permissions. Assign accounts only the absoluteminimum permissions required to do a job. Avoid using the built-in roles, such asdb_datareader and db_datawriter. These roles do not provide any authorizationgranularity and these roles have access to all of your custom database objects.● Do not change the default permissions that are applied to SQL Server objects.In versions of SQL Server earlier than Service Pack 3, the public role does haveaccess to various default SQL Server database objects. With Service Pack 3, thesecurity design has been reviewed and security has been improved by removingthe public role where it is unnecessary and by applying more granular role checks.
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ForewordsForeword by Mark CurpheyWh
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Part IIntroduction to Threats andCo
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3Threat ModelingIn This Chapter●
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8Code Access Security in PracticeIn
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Part IVSecuring Your Network,Host,
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patterns & practicesProven practice
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