faience and glass beads from the late bronze - Department of ...

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13A religious association with beads is confirmed by their presence in Late BronzeAge temples in western Asia. The 15 th -century B.C. temple A at Nuzi was decoratedwith over 16,000 beads, some of them eye beads, which were set into bricks, sewn ontodecorative textiles, and strung along the walls, supported by glazed wall-nails. 75Numerous beads, possibly part of a votive offering or the equipment of a priest, werealso found at the Late Bronze Age temple at Lachish near the Syro-Palestinian coast. 76As early as the 4 th millennium B.C., a beaded necklace was an identifying markof the Sumerian goddess Inanna (Akkadian Ishtar) and recurs on goddess figurines fromwestern Asia to the Balkans. 77Such a necklace is instrumental in Ishtar’s oath after theflood in The Epic of Gilgamesh: “Then, at last, Ishtar also came, she lifted her necklacewith the jewels of heaven that once Anu had made to please her. ‘O you gods herepresent, by the lapis lazuli round my neck I shall remember these days as I remember thejewels of my throat; these last days I shall not forget.’” 78Although the use of amulets in Mycenaean contexts is not fully understood, it isclear that amulets of the Egyptian style were not prevalent in the Aegean. 79Carnelianbeads appear to have held a distinct amuletic value in the Late Bronze Age Aegean andare almost always found in the graves of children; 80 there is also a link between beads ingeneral and children’s burials. 81The presence of a belief in fascination is suggested by75 Starr 1939, 92-4.76 Tufnell et al. 1940, 74-5.77 Crawford 1956, 26-7, 59; Maxwell-Hyslop 1971, 151-7.78 Sandars 1964, 109.79 Hughes-Brock 1999, 280, 285.80 Konstantinidi 2001, 244.81 Lewartowski 2000, 35.
14eye beads found in Mycenaean burials. 82As in Egypt and western Asia, strands ofbeads, often of simple form, served as votive offerings. 83In summary, then, it is clear that beads were used for multiple, sometimesoverlapping, purposes throughout the Bronze Age Levant. Although men wore beadedjewelry, their use thereof appears to be primarily as a designation of high social rankrather than aesthetic adornment. Women wore beads more frequently and in a widerrange of styles; their use thereof appears to be primarily aesthetic, although beads areoften associated with goddesses and religious rites involving females as well.82 Wace 1932, 94.83 Nikita 2003, 34.
Page 1 and 2: FAIENCE AND GLASS BEADS FROM THELAT
Page 3 and 4: iiiABSTRACTFaience and Glass Beads
Page 5 and 6: vACKNOWLEDGMENTSI wish to acknowled
Page 7 and 8: viiCHAPTERPageVGLASS: MATERIAL AND
Page 9 and 10: ixLIST OF FIGURESFIGUREPage1 Locati
Page 11 and 12: xiFIGUREPage4.3 Tiny and segmented
Page 13 and 14: xiiiFIGUREPageB.31 Small glass bead
Page 15 and 16: 2Fig. 1. Location of the Uluburun s
Page 17 and 18: 4Palestinian coast to a final desti
Page 19 and 20: 6because beads found in archaeologi
Page 21 and 22: 8In the Aegean, beads of numerous m
Page 23 and 24: 10dowry lists of Mitanni princesses
Page 25: 12Faience beads were highly valued
Page 29 and 30: 16is based on Beck’s terminology
Page 31 and 32: 18Table 2.1. Categories of faience
Page 33 and 34: 20Inv. No. Lot 9463.bN16 LL4Beck No
Page 35 and 36: 22found in the tomb. 8Jewelry recov
Page 37 and 38: 24Fig. 2.3. Segmented faience beads
Page 39 and 40: 26The shipwreck yielded around 1,60
Page 41 and 42: 28Cogwheel BeadsInv. No. KW 2496L16
Page 43 and 44: 30Inv. No. KW 4568N18Beck No. XXIII
Page 45 and 46: 32Grain-of-Wheat BeadsThis bead typ
Page 47 and 48: 34Fig. 2.10. Grain-of-wheat variant
Page 49 and 50: 36The grain-of-wheat beads represen
Page 51 and 52: 38Biconical BeadsThe biconical faie
Page 53 and 54: 40remaining beads possess 17 gadroo
Page 55 and 56: 42Woolley’s type 17, spoked-wheel
Page 57 and 58: 44longer and fusiform rather than b
Page 59 and 60: 46example with all three features w
Page 61 and 62: 48gadrooned; their form is similar
Page 63 and 64: 50deteriorated, bead diameter is so
Page 65 and 66: 52Fig. 2.17. Concreted mass of smal
Page 67 and 68: 54the Greek mainland, 151 Crete, 15
Page 69 and 70: 56At least seven segmented glass be
Page 71 and 72: 58Large Glass BeadsInv. No. KW 2673
Page 73 and 74: 60Fig. 2.24. Large glass bead from
Page 75 and 76: 62that of the matrix or bead body,
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64most often obscuring the beads’
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66their infrequency in Egypt, howev
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68The ship came to rest on a steep
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70Faience BeadsThe tiny faience bea
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72sharing a distinct concentration
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Fig. 3.5. Distribution of grain-of-
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76the distribution of plain cogwhee
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78Only five faience button beads we
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80are in close proximity, they diff
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82Conversely, the collared cogwheel
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84tomb were decorated with beads. 1
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86In some cases, the term faience h
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88variety of siliceous materials. M
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90glaze; the unmelted glazing powde
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92Although elaborate faience beads,
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94reconstructed as a three-sided gr
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96Fig. 4.2. Tiny segmented bead fro
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989271.a-c, figures in app. B). In
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100microscope; the surfaces of both
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102app. B) is seemingly unfinished,
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104end, possibly representing a loc
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106CHAPTER VGLASS: MATERIAL AND MAN
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108Assyria, Canaan, and Akkadia. 11
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110B.C., and also occurs with agate
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112k{ing}, my {l}ord, 30 (pieces) o
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114Glass Bead ManufactureGlass work
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116the formation process for stone
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118Manufacture of the Glass Beads F
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120Finally, as noted above, the per
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122spheroid, while the large glass
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124then, that faience and glass, al
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126Blegen, C.W., and E.P. Blegen. 1
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128Engle, A. 1978. Ancient Glass in
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130Lin, S.-H.S. 2003. “Lading of
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132Persson, A.W. 1931. The Royal To
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134Tufnell, O., C.H. Inge, and L. H
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136APPENDIX AGLOSSARY OF TERMSAmygd
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138PerforationHole along the bead a
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140APPENDIX BSAMPLE BEAD DIMENSIONS
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142Table B.1 ContinuedInv. No. Beck
Page 157 and 158:
Fig. B.2. Tiny faience beads KW 988
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Fig. B.4. Tiny faience beads Lot 10
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148Table B.2. Sample dimensions of
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Page 165 and 166:
Fig. B.7. Globular faience beads KW
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Fig. B.9. Globular faience beads Lo
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Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Fig. B.12. Cogwheel faience beads K
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Fig. B.14. Cogwheel faience beads K
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Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Fig. B.17. Grain-of-wheat variant A
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Fig. B.19. Grain-of-wheat variant A
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Fig. B.21. Grain-of-wheat faience b
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176Table B.8 ContinuedMolded Face I
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Fig. B.22. Biconical variant A faie
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Fig. B.24. Biconical faience beads,
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Fig. B.25. Grooved barrel faience b
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186Table B.13 ContinuedInv. No. Bec
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Fig. B.28. Small glass beads KW 148
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Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Table B.14 ContinuedInv. No. Beck N
Page 209 and 210:
Fig. B.33. Large glass beads KW 148
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Fig. B.35. Large glass beads Lot 98
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Page 215 and 216:
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206APPENDIX CESTIMATES OF BEADS IN
Page 221 and 222:
208As these beads approximate to sp
Page 223:
210VITARebecca Suzanne IngramDate o
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