faience and glass beads from the late bronze - Department of ...

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15CHAPTER IICATALOGUEMethodologyAn adequate catalogue must include a range of data, including detailedmeasurements, descriptions, drawings, and photographs. In studying the beads fromUluburun, a set of metric dial calipers provided bead dimensions accurate to one-tenth ofa millimeter. A dissecting microscope also proved indispensable, as it allowedobservation of minute details not visible to the naked eye. Finally, a digital camera inmacro mode was used to photograph samples of each category, placed on a light table tominimize shadow.In order to be of value to future research, a catalogue must utilize terms that areboth scientifically defined and generally accepted. Unfortunately, bead studies oftensuffer from a lack of consensus on terminology. Horace C. Beck recognized this issueand, in an effort to resolve it, published Classification and Nomenclature of Beads andPendants in 1928. 1Because Beck’s typology remains the most comprehensive andconcrete method available, it is utilized herein; other typology systems, whereapplicable, are also noted.In addition to establishing a system of classification through the assignment of acombination of letters and numerals, Beck’s work defines a standardized vocabulary foruse in bead studies. Appendix A, containing a glossary of terms used in this catalogue,1 Beck 1981.
16is based on Beck’s terminology as well as that outlined in The Bead Dictionary by PeterFrancis, Jr. 2The beads are organized by material (faience or glass) and divided intocategories. Each category is exemplified by one or more individual beads, which iscatalogued in detail with dimensions, illustrations, and a description of notablecharacteristics. Due to the diminutive size of many beads, illustrations are drawn at ascale of 3:1; furthermore, each illustration includes two (or more) views of the artifact sothat the category may be easily identified. A general description and averagedimensions of all beads of that category follow. Average dimensions are based onmeasurements of the remaining beads in that category or, for those containing more than100 beads, a sample set thereof; tables of individual dimensions as well as photographsof the beads are available in appendix B.In addition to the above, the complete analysis of each bead category alsoincludes a discussion of parallel finds from contemporary archaeological sites. Due tothe widespread trade in both faience and glass beads during the Late Bronze Age, andbecause some beads from Uluburun represent cargo and some personal, possiblyMycenaean, belongings, 3 sites throughout the Levant are discussed. A significantamount of archaeological research has been undertaken at Bronze Age sites since the19 th century, and many excavations have recovered beads among other artifacts. Beadsand other forms of ornamentation were often deposited alongside datable artifacts suchas pottery or weapons in Bronze Age graves; as a result, publications of burial sites often2 Francis 1989.3 Pulak 1988, 37.
Page 1 and 2: FAIENCE AND GLASS BEADS FROM THELAT
Page 3 and 4: iiiABSTRACTFaience and Glass Beads
Page 5 and 6: vACKNOWLEDGMENTSI wish to acknowled
Page 7 and 8: viiCHAPTERPageVGLASS: MATERIAL AND
Page 9 and 10: ixLIST OF FIGURESFIGUREPage1 Locati
Page 11 and 12: xiFIGUREPage4.3 Tiny and segmented
Page 13 and 14: xiiiFIGUREPageB.31 Small glass bead
Page 15 and 16: 2Fig. 1. Location of the Uluburun s
Page 17 and 18: 4Palestinian coast to a final desti
Page 19 and 20: 6because beads found in archaeologi
Page 21 and 22: 8In the Aegean, beads of numerous m
Page 23 and 24: 10dowry lists of Mitanni princesses
Page 25 and 26: 12Faience beads were highly valued
Page 27: 14eye beads found in Mycenaean buri
Page 31 and 32: 18Table 2.1. Categories of faience
Page 33 and 34: 20Inv. No. Lot 9463.bN16 LL4Beck No
Page 35 and 36: 22found in the tomb. 8Jewelry recov
Page 37 and 38: 24Fig. 2.3. Segmented faience beads
Page 39 and 40: 26The shipwreck yielded around 1,60
Page 41 and 42: 28Cogwheel BeadsInv. No. KW 2496L16
Page 43 and 44: 30Inv. No. KW 4568N18Beck No. XXIII
Page 45 and 46: 32Grain-of-Wheat BeadsThis bead typ
Page 47 and 48: 34Fig. 2.10. Grain-of-wheat variant
Page 49 and 50: 36The grain-of-wheat beads represen
Page 51 and 52: 38Biconical BeadsThe biconical faie
Page 53 and 54: 40remaining beads possess 17 gadroo
Page 55 and 56: 42Woolley’s type 17, spoked-wheel
Page 57 and 58: 44longer and fusiform rather than b
Page 59 and 60: 46example with all three features w
Page 61 and 62: 48gadrooned; their form is similar
Page 63 and 64: 50deteriorated, bead diameter is so
Page 65 and 66: 52Fig. 2.17. Concreted mass of smal
Page 67 and 68: 54the Greek mainland, 151 Crete, 15
Page 69 and 70: 56At least seven segmented glass be
Page 71 and 72: 58Large Glass BeadsInv. No. KW 2673
Page 73 and 74: 60Fig. 2.24. Large glass bead from
Page 75 and 76: 62that of the matrix or bead body,
Page 77 and 78: 64most often obscuring the beads’
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66their infrequency in Egypt, howev
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68The ship came to rest on a steep
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70Faience BeadsThe tiny faience bea
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72sharing a distinct concentration
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Fig. 3.5. Distribution of grain-of-
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76the distribution of plain cogwhee
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78Only five faience button beads we
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80are in close proximity, they diff
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82Conversely, the collared cogwheel
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84tomb were decorated with beads. 1
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86In some cases, the term faience h
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88variety of siliceous materials. M
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90glaze; the unmelted glazing powde
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92Although elaborate faience beads,
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94reconstructed as a three-sided gr
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96Fig. 4.2. Tiny segmented bead fro
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989271.a-c, figures in app. B). In
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100microscope; the surfaces of both
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102app. B) is seemingly unfinished,
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104end, possibly representing a loc
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106CHAPTER VGLASS: MATERIAL AND MAN
Page 121 and 122:
108Assyria, Canaan, and Akkadia. 11
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110B.C., and also occurs with agate
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112k{ing}, my {l}ord, 30 (pieces) o
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114Glass Bead ManufactureGlass work
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116the formation process for stone
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118Manufacture of the Glass Beads F
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120Finally, as noted above, the per
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122spheroid, while the large glass
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124then, that faience and glass, al
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126Blegen, C.W., and E.P. Blegen. 1
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128Engle, A. 1978. Ancient Glass in
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130Lin, S.-H.S. 2003. “Lading of
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132Persson, A.W. 1931. The Royal To
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134Tufnell, O., C.H. Inge, and L. H
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136APPENDIX AGLOSSARY OF TERMSAmygd
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138PerforationHole along the bead a
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140APPENDIX BSAMPLE BEAD DIMENSIONS
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142Table B.1 ContinuedInv. No. Beck
Page 157 and 158:
Fig. B.2. Tiny faience beads KW 988
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Fig. B.4. Tiny faience beads Lot 10
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148Table B.2. Sample dimensions of
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Page 165 and 166:
Fig. B.7. Globular faience beads KW
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Fig. B.9. Globular faience beads Lo
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Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Fig. B.12. Cogwheel faience beads K
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Fig. B.14. Cogwheel faience beads K
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Fig. B.17. Grain-of-wheat variant A
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Fig. B.19. Grain-of-wheat variant A
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Fig. B.21. Grain-of-wheat faience b
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176Table B.8 ContinuedMolded Face I
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Fig. B.22. Biconical variant A faie
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Fig. B.24. Biconical faience beads,
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Fig. B.25. Grooved barrel faience b
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186Table B.13 ContinuedInv. No. Bec
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Fig. B.28. Small glass beads KW 148
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Table B.14 ContinuedInv. No. Beck N
Page 209 and 210:
Fig. B.33. Large glass beads KW 148
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Fig. B.35. Large glass beads Lot 98
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
206APPENDIX CESTIMATES OF BEADS IN
Page 221 and 222:
208As these beads approximate to sp
Page 223:
210VITARebecca Suzanne IngramDate o
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