faience and glass beads from the late bronze - Department of ...

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25this group has also been referred to as multiple-ring beads or simply multiple beads. 29Beads at other sites usually possess between two and seven segments. While Woolleynotes that they comprise an early type not seen after the 15 th century B.C. at Alalakh, 30segmented beads are present in 14 th -century and later contexts at numerous sites inEgypt, western Asia, and the Aegean. 31Segmented beads have also been found insurprisingly large numbers in Bronze Age burials in Britain, where the “normal”, ratherthan “Scottish”, segmented beads resemble those from the Uluburun shipwreck. 32Thesebeads are of foreign origin and were likely imported in the 14 th century B.C. 33Globular BeadsInv. No. KW 3980N18 LR2Beck No. I.B.1.a (spheroid)Perforation IV, VIaDiam. 0.54 cm; length 0.47 cm; diam. of perforation 0.19 cm.Length to diameter ratio: 0.87 (short)Oblate spheroid (fig. 2.4). Pale blue with a less mottled appearance than most beads ofthis type. Original surface glaze completely eroded. Small pitting visible near plain,medium-large perforation.Fig. 2.4. Globular faience bead KW 3980. Scale 3:1.29 Woolley 1955, 270, no. 22; Brunton and Engelbach 1927, pl. XLIII; Petrie et al. 1923, pl. LXII.30 Woolley 1955, 269.31 Sites include Gurob (Brunton and Engelbach 1927, pls. XIV-XVIII, XLIII) and Lahun (Petrie et al.1923, pl. LXII) in Egypt; Lachish (Tufnell et al. 1940, pl. XXXV, nos. 70-78; Tufnell 1958, 88, pl. 29,nos. 27-28) and Megiddo (Loud 1948, pl. 213, no. 66) along the Syro-Palestinian coast; and Pylona(Karantzali 2001, 73-4, no. 675) and Mycenae (Xenaki-Sakellariou 1985, 295, no. 25) in the Aegean.32 Beck and Stone 1936, 205-6.33 Beck and Stone 1936, 233.
26The shipwreck yielded around 1,600 globular faience beads. This type of bead,roughly spherical with a convex profile, is designated by Beck as a spheroid. 34Analysisof a sample of 100 globular faience beads produced the following dimensions: 35Average diameter:Average length:Average perforation diameter:0.54 cm0.42 cm0.18 cmGlobular bead size and form vary slightly due to nuances of the process ofmanufacture. The majority of beads analyzed are oblate spheroids (I.B.1.a); a number ofdifferent forms, however, are contained within the spheroid group, so that the I.B.1.bbeads with slightly flattened ends are included here as well.Globular beads frequently exhibit staining, causing beads to appear in a range ofcolors including shades of gray, brown, and blue. Magnification reveals the actual colorof each globular bead to be blue, varying only in value and chroma. In rare beads, adeep, intense blue preserved around the perforation is readily visible without the aid ofmagnification. In most cases, discoloration due to staining is easy to detect, as manystains occur in distinct patches contrasting the actual color of the bead. Among thebeads studied, stains tend to be red-brown, yellow-brown, or bright green, the latter mostcertainly resulting from copper contamination. Minor pitting, although infrequent, doesoccur in this group and is most apparent around the perforation; small pits are oftenemphasized by a red-brown discoloration. Flaws incurred during the formation process,34 Beck 1981, 7 n. 1.35 For measurements and photographs of each sample bead, see app. B, 148-55.
Page 1 and 2: FAIENCE AND GLASS BEADS FROM THELAT
Page 3 and 4: iiiABSTRACTFaience and Glass Beads
Page 5 and 6: vACKNOWLEDGMENTSI wish to acknowled
Page 7 and 8: viiCHAPTERPageVGLASS: MATERIAL AND
Page 9 and 10: ixLIST OF FIGURESFIGUREPage1 Locati
Page 11 and 12: xiFIGUREPage4.3 Tiny and segmented
Page 13 and 14: xiiiFIGUREPageB.31 Small glass bead
Page 15 and 16: 2Fig. 1. Location of the Uluburun s
Page 17 and 18: 4Palestinian coast to a final desti
Page 19 and 20: 6because beads found in archaeologi
Page 21 and 22: 8In the Aegean, beads of numerous m
Page 23 and 24: 10dowry lists of Mitanni princesses
Page 25 and 26: 12Faience beads were highly valued
Page 27 and 28: 14eye beads found in Mycenaean buri
Page 29 and 30: 16is based on Beck’s terminology
Page 31 and 32: 18Table 2.1. Categories of faience
Page 33 and 34: 20Inv. No. Lot 9463.bN16 LL4Beck No
Page 35 and 36: 22found in the tomb. 8Jewelry recov
Page 37: 24Fig. 2.3. Segmented faience beads
Page 41 and 42: 28Cogwheel BeadsInv. No. KW 2496L16
Page 43 and 44: 30Inv. No. KW 4568N18Beck No. XXIII
Page 45 and 46: 32Grain-of-Wheat BeadsThis bead typ
Page 47 and 48: 34Fig. 2.10. Grain-of-wheat variant
Page 49 and 50: 36The grain-of-wheat beads represen
Page 51 and 52: 38Biconical BeadsThe biconical faie
Page 53 and 54: 40remaining beads possess 17 gadroo
Page 55 and 56: 42Woolley’s type 17, spoked-wheel
Page 57 and 58: 44longer and fusiform rather than b
Page 59 and 60: 46example with all three features w
Page 61 and 62: 48gadrooned; their form is similar
Page 63 and 64: 50deteriorated, bead diameter is so
Page 65 and 66: 52Fig. 2.17. Concreted mass of smal
Page 67 and 68: 54the Greek mainland, 151 Crete, 15
Page 69 and 70: 56At least seven segmented glass be
Page 71 and 72: 58Large Glass BeadsInv. No. KW 2673
Page 73 and 74: 60Fig. 2.24. Large glass bead from
Page 75 and 76: 62that of the matrix or bead body,
Page 77 and 78: 64most often obscuring the beads’
Page 79 and 80: 66their infrequency in Egypt, howev
Page 81 and 82: 68The ship came to rest on a steep
Page 83 and 84: 70Faience BeadsThe tiny faience bea
Page 85 and 86: 72sharing a distinct concentration
Page 87 and 88: Fig. 3.5. Distribution of grain-of-
Page 89 and 90:
76the distribution of plain cogwhee
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78Only five faience button beads we
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80are in close proximity, they diff
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82Conversely, the collared cogwheel
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84tomb were decorated with beads. 1
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86In some cases, the term faience h
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88variety of siliceous materials. M
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90glaze; the unmelted glazing powde
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92Although elaborate faience beads,
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94reconstructed as a three-sided gr
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96Fig. 4.2. Tiny segmented bead fro
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989271.a-c, figures in app. B). In
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100microscope; the surfaces of both
Page 115 and 116:
102app. B) is seemingly unfinished,
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104end, possibly representing a loc
Page 119 and 120:
106CHAPTER VGLASS: MATERIAL AND MAN
Page 121 and 122:
108Assyria, Canaan, and Akkadia. 11
Page 123 and 124:
110B.C., and also occurs with agate
Page 125 and 126:
112k{ing}, my {l}ord, 30 (pieces) o
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114Glass Bead ManufactureGlass work
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116the formation process for stone
Page 131 and 132:
118Manufacture of the Glass Beads F
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120Finally, as noted above, the per
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122spheroid, while the large glass
Page 137 and 138:
124then, that faience and glass, al
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126Blegen, C.W., and E.P. Blegen. 1
Page 141 and 142:
128Engle, A. 1978. Ancient Glass in
Page 143 and 144:
130Lin, S.-H.S. 2003. “Lading of
Page 145 and 146:
132Persson, A.W. 1931. The Royal To
Page 147 and 148:
134Tufnell, O., C.H. Inge, and L. H
Page 149 and 150:
136APPENDIX AGLOSSARY OF TERMSAmygd
Page 151 and 152:
138PerforationHole along the bead a
Page 153 and 154:
140APPENDIX BSAMPLE BEAD DIMENSIONS
Page 155 and 156:
142Table B.1 ContinuedInv. No. Beck
Page 157 and 158:
Fig. B.2. Tiny faience beads KW 988
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Fig. B.4. Tiny faience beads Lot 10
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148Table B.2. Sample dimensions of
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Fig. B.7. Globular faience beads KW
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Fig. B.9. Globular faience beads Lo
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Fig. B.12. Cogwheel faience beads K
Page 175 and 176:
Fig. B.14. Cogwheel faience beads K
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Fig. B.17. Grain-of-wheat variant A
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Fig. B.19. Grain-of-wheat variant A
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Fig. B.21. Grain-of-wheat faience b
Page 189 and 190:
176Table B.8 ContinuedMolded Face I
Page 191 and 192:
Fig. B.22. Biconical variant A faie
Page 193 and 194:
Fig. B.24. Biconical faience beads,
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Fig. B.25. Grooved barrel faience b
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
186Table B.13 ContinuedInv. No. Bec
Page 201 and 202:
Fig. B.28. Small glass beads KW 148
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Table B.14 ContinuedInv. No. Beck N
Page 209 and 210:
Fig. B.33. Large glass beads KW 148
Page 211 and 212:
Fig. B.35. Large glass beads Lot 98
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
206APPENDIX CESTIMATES OF BEADS IN
Page 221 and 222:
208As these beads approximate to sp
Page 223:
210VITARebecca Suzanne IngramDate o
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