Changing Glaciers and Hydrology in Asia - Environmental Health at ...

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Current Work on Issues Related to Glacier Melt/Retreat in AsiaAppendix A.1 ‐ Main DatabaseOrganization DetailsName Key Contact Contact Details URLMultilaterals and UN AgenciesWorld BankUNEPClaudia Sadoff, LeadEconomist, SouthAsia Region; CharlesCormier, Head,Environment Team(India); Tapas Paul,Sr. EnvironmentSpecialist, India;Sanjay Pahuja,preparing newGanges Basinproject, IndiaDechan Tsering,Deputy RegionalDirectorCsadoff@worldbank.orgdechen.tsering@unep.org,http://www.worldbank.org/www.unep.org/geo/geo_ice/,www.rrcap.unep.org/glofbhutan/BhutanGeographicArea of FocusAfghanistan,Bangladesh,Bhutan, China,India, Pakistan,and NepalRegional focuson Central andSouth Asia.GLOFmonitoring inthe Hindu‐KushHimalayanregion withparticularlyemphasis onBhutan. Alsotwo majorconservationinitiatives inCentralKarakorum andKailash SacredMountainareas.Subject Area of Focus andExpertise in Relation toGlacial Melt Summary of Activities PartnersMostly watermanagement relatedactivities related to glacialmelt.Global Outlook for Ice andSnow investigateslinkages between Ice,snow and climatechange.GLOF research inHindu Kush; Conservationbasedadaptation andmitigation in mountainregions.About to initiate national project on Integrated Water Resources Management in Kabul RiverBasin, Afghanistan. Undertook review in 2008: Europe and Central Asia Region: HowResilient is the Energy Sector to Climate Change? Which included review of potential glacialmelt impacts; Nepal Water Resources Knowledge Base Development project proposal tostrengthen the Water and Energy Commission Secretariat (WECS) to become a centre ofexcellence in terms of possessing a state‐of‐the‐art spatial knowledge base on the majorbasins of the country and the modelling and stakeholder facilitation skills to help developbasin plans. Will build a spatial database on water resources that will include up to dateinformation on glaciers, glacial lakes, and GLOF risk. To be completed July 2010. South AsiaWater Initiative (See DfID)In Nepal, WB is working withWECSFacilitated the first major publication on Inventory of Glaciers, Glacial Lakes and Glacial Lake ICIMOD; AIT; WCMSOutburst Floods in Bhutan and Nepal in 2001 with ICIMOD and other expert institutions.Facilitated the assessment of the impacts of climate change on Himalayan glaciers andglacial lakes in 2007 with ICIMOD and other expert institutionsFacilitated compilation of Inventory of Glaciers, Glacial Lakes and the identification ofpotential Glacial lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) in the Pumqu Basin, Tibet Autonomous Regionof PR China, Tista Basin, and Sikkim Himalaya.Facilitating the establishment of a network of strategically located black carbonobservatories in Hindu Kush Himalaya and Karakorum region with EVK2‐CNR. 6‐year timeseries data on black carbon have been compiledIn Central Karakorum and Kailash Sacred Mountain areas, UNEP are working with AIT todevelop two sustainable development master plans and mainstreaming climate changeadaptation and mitigation options in the development agenda. Also sponsored recentInternational Workshop reviewing State of Troposphere Temperature, Pollution, MeltingGlaciers and their Potential Impact on Monsoon and High Altitude Vegetation in theHimalayas‐Tibetan Plateau, Dec 28‐29, 2009, New Delhi. India. Workshop report includes fulldiscussion of recent IPCC glacial melt statement controvery, with many of the implicatedactors present. Comments/Relevant Publicationsand ResourcesSent short brief on potential role forUNEP in possible USAID investmentprogramme, available on request.Inventory of Glaciers:http://www.rrcap.unep.org/issues/glof/glof/index.htmBlack Carbon Data:http://www.rrcap.unep.org/abc/data/abc/index.htmlAssessment Report:http://www.rrcap.unep.org/abc/impact/index.cfmUNDPGernot Laganda,Regional TechnicalAdvisor ClimateChange Adaptationgernot.laganda@undp.orghttp://sdnhq.undp.or GLOF projects GLOFg/gefadaptation/projects/Pakistan, Nepalin India,websites/index.php? and Bhutan;option=com_content Communitybased&task=view&id=203;http://www.undp.org adaptation.bt/project inKazakhstanReducing Climate Change‐induced Risks and Vulnerabilities from Glacial Lake Outburst DIP‐ECHOFloods in the Punakha‐Wangdi and Chamkhar Valleys. April 2008 ‐ December 2012. Projectinvolves education of GLOF risk in the Punakha‐Wangdi and Chamkhar Valleys in Bhutan. Theproject will integrate climate risk projections into existing disaster risk management practicesand implement corresponding capacity development measures. It will demonstrate practicalmeasures to reduce climate change‐induced GLOF risks from the potentially dangerousThorthormi glacier lake, and facilitate replication of the respective lessons learned in otherhigh‐risk GLOF areas, both within and outside Bhutan. Will also ensure that early warningmechanisms for the Punakha‐Wangdi Valley, which is currently not equipped to handle the fullextent of potential GLOF risks, is expanded to incorporate coverage of this growing threat.Lessons learned from this initiative will enable up‐scaling of early warning systems in otherdisaster‐prone areas downstream of potentially hazardous glacier lakes. Regional GLOF RiskReduction Project. The project aims to complement the structural approaches towards GLOFrisk reduction with sociological and community‐based strategies for GLOF risk mitigation andpreparedness as community participation in GLOF risk reduction has received little or noattention to date.Undertaking community based adaptation programmes with mountaincommunities in Kazakhstan, some of which specifically address glacial melt vulnerabilities.6
Current Work on Issues Related to Glacier Melt/Retreat in AsiaAppendix A.1 ‐ Main DatabaseOrganization DetailsName Key Contact Contact Details URLcmalvicini@adb.orgAsian DevelopmentBank (ADB)Cindy Malvicini,Water ResourcesManagementSpecialist, South AsiaDivisionNon‐Government organizationsThe MountainInstituteAlton Byers, Directorof Research andConservation; alsoBob Davis, ChiefOperating Officer;also Brian Peniston;and Florence Zapata(Instituto deMontana)abyers@mountain.org;bdavis@mountain.orghttp://www.adb.org/climate‐change/afgind‐downstream.aspwww.mountain.orgGeographicArea of FocusADB state thattheir loanoperations arebetter aligned,in the mediumterm,in theIndus riverbasin (Pakistanand Centraland EastAfghanistan,North India),given theanticipatedimpacts ofclimate changeand glacialmelt in theWesternHimalayas.Asiaprogrammes inChina, Nepal(RegionalOffice), andIndiaSubject Area of Focus andExpertise in Relation toGlacial Melt Summary of Activities PartnersFocus on riskmanagement andadaptation requirementssupporting the water andhydro‐energy sectorsAnalysis of glacial retreatby combining field andlaboratory‐basedinvestigations; work onglacial lakes; also work onadaptation ‐ communitybased and technicalresponses ‐ withvulnerable mountaincommunities; focus onmountain conservation asone buffer to climatechange impacts.Glacial Melt and Downstream Impacts on Indus‐Dependent Water Resources and Energy(Afghanistan/India). An ADB Small Grant for Adaptation Project. Expected outputs include:gap‐analysis on the state of knowledge (modelling, impacts, risk analysis) in WesternHimalayas (Afghanistan, Pakistan and north India), and ADB water and hydro‐energyproject/programs area in particular; project stakeholders to formulate a practical MountainGlacier and Downstream Water Risk Management Framework & Adaptation Guide; desk andfield rapid climate impacts and risk screening of ADB's project portfolio and pipeline in thewater and energy sectors in Afghanistan and Pakistan.Also funded IFPRI study "Addressing Climate Change in the Asia and Pacific Region: Buildingthe Climate Resilience of the Agricultural Sector". Study focuses on 4 South Asian countries(Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India and Nepal). Analyses relationship between agriculturalproductivity and glacier retreat, floods, droughts, erratic rainfall and other climate changeimpacts.Study of glacial fluctuations in Sagarmatha (Mt Everest) National Park through groundtruthingof remote sensing data [first scientific study in Hongu valley to photograph and assesscondition of 11 new glacial lakes]; glacial lake studies including Imja lake, Nepal, now one ofthe largest and most high‐risk of GLOF; Climate resilience building through training in the useof USAID’s Vulnerability and Adaptation approach; Increasing awareness for highland‐lowlandinteractive systems and dependencies; Promoting highland conservation as one of the bestclimate change buffers; awareness building and education; promoting south‐south dialogueand technology transfer on vulnerability in glacial regions [proposal to transfer lessons fromPeru to Himalayas]; GLOF risk reduction through reinforcing terminal moraines oflakes/digging channels to relieve water pressure; as well as community‐based adaptationamong vulnerable mountain communities. Organising a climate change workshop in Nepal inlate 2010 to share outputs of glacial lake studies and as follow‐on to 2009 "Adapting to WorldWithout Glaciers" conference in Peru.Government and NGOpartners; IFPRIICIMOD;USAID; IGES; Honguvalley study funded by WaittGrants Programme of NationalGeographic Society, andundertaken in partnership withglaciologists from HokkaidoUniversity and ICIMOD.Climate change workshop inlate 2010 to be organised inconjunction with USAID,National Science Foundationand ICIMOD.Comments/Relevant Publicationsand ResourcesOne of few organizations workingon ground‐truthing of remotesensing in glacial retreat/glacial lakestudies. Also, developing proposalsto facilitate CBA approaches inmountain and glacial regions; andstrengthening south‐south dialogueon adaptation technologies inmountain regions; in particular thetransfer of technologies for tappingglacial lakes to reduce GLOF risk andalso generate small‐scalehydropower; and building upstreamdownstreamlinkages at commnity,private sector, and local governmentlevels. ITN‐TV interview by Dr Byersat the Imja lake November 2009:http://www.itnsource.com/shotlist//ITN/2009/12/01/T01120908/Byers, A. 2007. An assessment ofcontemporary glacier fluctuations inNepal’s Khumbu Himal using repeatphotography. Himalayan Journal ofSciences, 4(6).Asia DisasterPreparednessCentre (ADPC),BangkokMr. Subbish; alsoDr. Srinivasansriniren@gmail.com www.adpc.net/ Asia and Pacific Disaster risk reductionagencyVarious climate risk management activities; early warning systems/climate forecasting7
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Changing Glaciers and Hydrology in
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AcknowledgementsThe diversity of in
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NGOOFDAPAIREDDRH/FPRIMESRDMASPOT5SR
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elevation, retreats. Measuring the
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Potential for Cross-Sectoral, Multi
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7. More efficient, climate-change-r
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An outcome of this process was incr
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changing ecosystems and land-use pa
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SECTION 2GLACIERS AND HYDROLOGIC CH
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complex and time consuming, so only
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The World Glacier Monitoring Servic
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and a decrease in the summer/winter
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alance. Berthier et al. (2007) comp
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forcing (climate change) (Ramanatha
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contribution, compared to total run
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These concerns are mirrored in the
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Human health and ecosystem impacts
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Glaciers are also an important sour
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and China (Figure 3.13 on page28).
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Figure 3.13. Projections of water s
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uncertainties about water availabil
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Page 109: Appendix A.2Summary by Region
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