Changing Glaciers and Hydrology in Asia - Environmental Health at ...
Changing Glaciers and Hydrology in Asia - Environmental Health at ...
Changing Glaciers and Hydrology in Asia - Environmental Health at ...
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<strong>Chang<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>Glaciers</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Hydrology</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Asia</strong>Address<strong>in</strong>g Vulnerabilities to Glacier Melt ImpactsCONTENTSAcknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................ iiiAcronyms ............................................................................................................................................................. ivEXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................1SECTION 1 ...........................................................................................................................................................7Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................71.1 New Challenge for <strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> USAID Missions ...................................................................................71.2 Scope of the Report ................................................................................................................................91.3 Objective of this Study ......................................................................................................................... 101.4 Methodology .......................................................................................................................................... 101.5 Organiz<strong>at</strong>ion of the Report ................................................................................................................ 11SECTION 2 ........................................................................................................................................................ 13<strong>Glaciers</strong> <strong>and</strong> Hydrologic Changes/Impacts ................................................................................................. 132.1 Background ............................................................................................................................................. 132.2 Measurements of Glacier Term<strong>in</strong>us Fluctu<strong>at</strong>ions .......................................................................... 132.3 Measurements of Glacier Mass Balances ......................................................................................... 142.4 Glacier Dynamics .................................................................................................................................. 152.5 Controversy about Glacier Melt ....................................................................................................... 152.6 Wh<strong>at</strong> Is Known ...................................................................................................................................... 162.7 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................ 27SECTION 3 ........................................................................................................................................................ 27The St<strong>at</strong>e of Societies: Vulnerabilities <strong>and</strong> Resilience to the Effects of Glacier Changes ............... 293.1 Near-Term Issues Result<strong>in</strong>g from Current Glacier Changes ..................................................... 303.2 Exist<strong>in</strong>g Vulnerabilities to W<strong>at</strong>er Stress .......................................................................................... 323.3 Indirect Impacts on Human <strong>Health</strong> ................................................................................................... 373.4 Thre<strong>at</strong>s to Ecosystems ......................................................................................................................... 393.5 Potential Governance <strong>and</strong> Conflict Implic<strong>at</strong>ions of Unstable W<strong>at</strong>er Supply .......................... 40i
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