Napoleon's Egypt: Invading The Middle East - Reenactor.ru

264 NAPOLEON’S EGYPT18. Alan Schom, Napoleon Bonaparte (New York: Harper Perennial, 1998), pp. 26–27; cf. LouisAntoine Fauvelet de Bourrienne, Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte, ed. R. W. Phipps, 4 vols.(New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1892), pp. 28 – 37.19. Michel Poniatowski, Talleyrand et le Directoire, 1796–1800 (Paris: Librairie Académique Perrin,1982), pp. 432–434, 454–456.20. Shaw, Between Old and New, pp. 255–257; Soysal, Fransiz ihtilali, pp. 208–254.21. Correspondence of Ruffin cited in this and following paragraphs is Ruffin/Talleyrand, 14Thermidor 6 (1 August 1798); and Ruffin/Talleyrand, 23 Thermidor 6 (10 August 1798), inLa Jonquière, 2:600–609; see also Soysal, Fransiz Ihtilali, p. 241.22. Bonaparte/Grand Vizir, 5 Fructidor 6 (22 August 1798), in Napoléon, Corr. 4:379, no. 3076.23. Shaw, Between Old and New, pp. 263–265; Soysal, Fransiz Ihtilali, pp. 243–44; Izzet HasanEfendi Darendeli, al-Hamlah al-Firansiyyah ‘ala Misr fi Daw’ Makhtut ‘Uthmani, trans. JamalSa’id ‘Abd al-Ghani (Cairo: al-Hay’ah al-Misriyyah al-’Ammah li’l-Kitab, 1999), pp. 182–183, 188–195.24. Soysal, Fransiz Ihtilali, p. 244; La Jonquière, 2:233–23525. Imperial Firman, ca. 1 September 1798, in Joseph Kabrda, Quelques firmans concernant les relationsFranco-Turques lors de l’expédition de Bonaparte en Égypte (1798–1799) (Paris: ImprimerieNationale, 1947), Ottoman text, p. 6; Kabrda’s translation on pp. 74–78; Rudolph Peters,Islam and Colonialism: The Doctrine of Jihad in Modern History (The Hague; New York: Mouton,1979).26. Darendeli, al-Hamlah, pp. 177–182; Kevin McCranie, “The Operations and Effectiveness ofthe Ottoman Navy During Napoleon’s Invasion of Egypt, 1798–1801,” in Aryeh Shmuelevitz,ed., Napoleon and the French in Egypt and the Holy Land, 1798–1801 (Istanbul: Isis Press,2002), pp. 155–164; this period, pp. 155–158.27. Al-Jabarti, ‘Aja’ib, 3:18–21; Niello Sargy, 1:184.28. “Firman du Grand Vizir,” in Joseph-Marie Moiret, Mémoires sur l’expédition d’Égypt (Paris:Pierre Belfond, 1984), pp. 74–76.29. Abdullah al-Sharqawi, Tuhfat al-Nazirin fiman waliya Misr min al-Muluk wa al-Salatin, ed.Rihab Abd al-Hamid al-Qari (Cairo: Madbuli, 1996), pp. 122–123.30. For ulema culture and sciences in the eighteenth century, see Peter Gran, The Islamic Roots ofCapitalism: Egypt, 1760–1840 (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979).31. Nicolas-Philibert Desvernois, Mémoires du Général Baron Desvernois, ed. Albert Dufourcq(Paris: Plon, 1898), p. 142.CHAPTER 91. Jean-Gabriel de Niello Sargy’s detailed account of the fighting in the Manzala district is inD’Égypte, vol. 1 of M. Alph. de Beauchamp, ed., Mémoires secrets et inédits pour servir à l’histoirecontemporaine, 2 vols. (Paris: Vernarel et Tenon, 1825), 1:148–174; see also Niqula al-Turk, Dhikr Tamalluk Jumhur al-Firansawiyyah al-Aqtar al-Misriyyah wa al-Biladal-Shamiyyah, ed. Yasin Suwayd (Beirut: al-Farabi, 1990), 52–54; Pierre-François Gerbaud,Le Capitaine Gerbaud, 1773–1799, ed. Maxime Mangerel (Paris: Plon, 1910), pp. 250–252;Jean-Honoré Horace Say with Louis Laus de Boissy, Bonaparte au Caire (Paris: Prault, 7 R.[1799]), pp. 140–141; Joseph-Marie Moiret, Mémoires sur l’expédition d’Égypt (Paris: PierreBelfond, 1984), pp. 73–74; Pierre Millet, Souvenirs de la campagne d’Égypte (1798–1801), ed.Stanislas Millet (Paris: Emile-Paul, 1903), pp. 57–60; Clément de la Jonquière, L’Expéditiond’Égypte 1798–1801, 5 vols. (Paris: H. Charles-Lavauzelle, 1899–1906), 2: 129–191; HenryLaurens et al., L’Expédition d’Égypte: 1798–1801 (Paris: A. Colin, 1989), pp. 125–126.2. Gerbaud, p. 246; Millet, p. 61.3. Millet, pp. 57–59; Gerbaud, p. 250.4. Napoléon Bonaparte, Correspondence de Napoléon Ier, 34 vols. (Paris: H. Plon, J. Dumaine,1858–1870), 5:5–6, no. 3374.5. Daniel Bates, “The Role of the State in Peasant-Nomad Mutualism,” Anthropological Quarterly44, no. 3 (July 1971): 109–131.