INDEX277City of the Dead and, 207Coptic Christians and, 72, 102defense of Alexandria, 24French assessment of, 52–53, 91–92French propaganda and, 196history in <strong>Egypt</strong>, 53–56, 93–97Leclerc and, 91Murad Bey and, 240–42Napoleon compared to, 174, 219Ottomans and, 53Pasha and, 97–98purging of, 75Rahmaniya and, 43, 52–53rec<strong>ru</strong>itment of, 111, 227resistance to French occupation, 173, 187Russia and, 99, 155resurgence of, 56villagers and, 62, 70, 122, 236word origin, 11, 24Marmont, Auguste, 46, 70, 110, 118–20, 135,235–36, 238Mehmet Ali Pasha, 244Mehmet Pasha, 95, 96–97Menou, JacquesAlexandria and, 22, 25Cairo and, 53, 105executions and, 105festival of Muhammad’s birth and, 123Islam and, 134–36Rosetta and, 60, 108, 119–20Millet, Pierre, writingson illness, 162, 236on Lake Manzala, 161–63on lewdness, 124on Mansura, 122, 166on Matariya, 162on peasant revolts, 116–17, 166, 229on Rosetta, 38Miot, Jacques, 43, 52, 111, 188, 191Mireur, François, 41–42Moiret, Joseph-Marieaffair, 135–37biographical info, 1–2Dugua and, 37French <strong>ru</strong>le of <strong>Egypt</strong> and, 18–20Napoleon and, 5, 48, 132–33, 218Rahmaniya and, 44, 45, 50return to France, 244Rosetta and, 37–38Toulon and, 1–3Valetta and, 10Wardan and, 61–62writingson Alexandria, 28–29on Bedouins, 26–27on beys, 24on <strong>Egypt</strong>ian women, 11, 28–29on festival of Muhammad’s birth, 124on Islam, 132–33on looting of villages, 57on Ottomans, 66, 68, 170on size of French invasion force, 23on troop morale, 57–58, 65, 218, 227on Tubar, 162Zulayma and, 135–37Morand, Charles Antoine, 39–40, 42mulcting, 76, 81, 162Murad BeyAlexandria and, 38Bedouins and, 26, 99–100communication with French, 92Desaix and, 242–43fighting with French, 231, 236, 239–242French siege of Cairo and, 66–70Hasan Pasha and, 96–97Hasan Tubar and, 167Ibrahim Bey and, 34, 93, 94, 99–101Imbaba and, 59, 65Kléber and, 228Kurayyim and, 186Ottoman-<strong>Egypt</strong>ian army and, 35–36Rahmaniya and, 50–53rise to power, 93–94Rosetta and, 96al-Sharqawi and, 197support for, 82, 229, 242taxation and, 95–96wife, 80–81, 94–95, 98Mustafa Bey, 130–31, 170Mustafa Pasha, 113Nasuh Pasha, 59Nefise Hanim, 80–81, 94Nelson, Horatio, 7–8, 9, 20, 21, 36, 38, 108–9,112, 122, 169, 217Niello Sargy, Michel deCairo and, 187, 204, 206, 213–14Damanhur and, 118<strong>Egypt</strong>ian women and, 81, 134, 176, 189joining of military, 5Kléber and, 118Osman Bey and, 81writingson executions, 213on French women, 191, 192–93on Hasan Tubar, 162, 184–85, 228on insurgents, 117, 121, 122, 161on Muslim clergy, 148, 157on slavery, 179Norry, Charles, 27, 176, 204
278 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTPelleport, Pierre de, 57, 65, 170, 207, 210Perrée, Jean-Baptiste, 51, 176Pitt, William, 157pneumonic plagueAlexandria and, 27, 94Cairo and, 99–100dog massacre and, 79effect on <strong>Egypt</strong>ian society, 56, 73French precautions against, 187, 218Matariya and, 161outbreak among French, 235–38, 242RahmaniyaKléber and, 143Moiret and, 44Murad Bey and, 96, 97, 100revolts around, 224Rosetta and, 38siege of, 45–48travel between Cairo and, 117–18Rampon, Antoine-Guillaume, 67Reynier, JeanCairo and, 66–67, 209dest<strong>ru</strong>ction of villages, 224Leclerc and, 87reorganization of division, 82Salahiya and, 92Shubrakhit and, 49, 50Shum and, 63RosettaAlexandria and, 118attacks on ships approaching, 117Bon and, 22Dugua and, 37–38, 121festival of Muhammad’s birth and, 123, 124Festival of the Republic and, 167Fourès and, 194–95geography, 37, 181gold stored at, 118–19Hasan Pasha and, 96Ibrahim Bey and, 96Jollois and, 107, 120, 226Menou and, 60, 104, 108, 119–20, 135Millet on, 38, 236Moiret and, 37–38Rahmaniya and, 38revolts in and around, 120–21, 219, 224Ruffin, Pierre-Jean-Marie, 154–56Villiers du Terrage on, 59, 149women in, 134Rosetta Stone, 245Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 1, 47, 150, 174, 178,180, 209al-Rumi, Bartholomew, 100, 204, 212al-Rumi, ‘Ubaydullah, 104Say, Jean-Honoré Horace‘alimas and, 146–47Coptic Christians and, 72death of, 243<strong>Egypt</strong>ian Institute and, 145–47Festival of the Nile and, 114Festival of the Republic and, 167, 170–72Islam and, 126joining of military, 3writingson burning and pillaging of villages, 70on Cairo, 51, 114, 115on <strong>Egypt</strong>ian response to taxation, 198on French Institute, 145on French <strong>ru</strong>le of <strong>Egypt</strong>, 75, 76on Jewish settlement in <strong>Middle</strong> <strong>East</strong>, 220on Malta, 9, 10on Muslim clerics and Napoleon, 149,150–51on Napoleon, 75on Shu’ara, 165Selim III (Sultan), 14, 127, 130, 231, 234, 239,242declaration of war on French, 229, 232demands for tribute, 100French propaganda and, 31, 46Pasha and, 162relations with French, 152–57al-Sharqawi, Abdullahapproval of governing councils, 248Cairo uprising and, 209, 215, 218collaboration with French, 75, 127–28C<strong>ru</strong>sades and, 225election as <strong>Egypt</strong>ian president, 196–97flight from Cairo, 70meetings with Napoleon, 149–50on Napoleon’s Islam policy, 159–60rejection of French, 199Shu’ara, 163, 164–65, 181Shubrakhit, 48–50, 52–53, 181Shum, 63Sonbat, 143–45, 166Sufis, 36, 54, 58, 115, 125, 181, 183, 185, 199,205, 211sugar, 12–13, 20, 28, 62, 71, 180Syria, 243–244Talleyrand, Charles Maurice deattempts to overthrow Sultan, 157Desvernois and, 160<strong>Egypt</strong> and, 14, 17, 244, 248French colonialism and, 12–14Izzet Mehmet Pasha and, 155sugar and, 20, 28Turkey and, 154
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Napoleon’s EgyptINVADING THE MIDD
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Napoleon’s EgyptINVADING THE MIDD
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CONTENTSMap of EgyptList of Illustr
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Map by Arman H. Cole
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTSNapoleon’s Egypt c
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTSxiBrettne Bloom and
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Napoleon’s EgyptINVADING THE MIDD
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1THE GENIUS OF LIBERTYThe top-secre
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THE GENIUS OF LIBERTY3the Continent
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THE GENIUS OF LIBERTY5in the mounta
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THE GENIUS OF LIBERTY7The quarterma
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THE GENIUS OF LIBERTY9would take a
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THE GENIUS OF LIBERTY11Egypt, where
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THE GENIUS OF LIBERTY13Throughout t
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THE GENIUS OF LIBERTY15Revolution i
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THE GENIUS OF LIBERTY17That April,
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THE GENIUS OF LIBERTY19course, the
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2A SKY AFLAMEThe patrician Vice Adm
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A SKY AFLAME23Bernoyer reported tha
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A SKY AFLAME25defeat, but this defi
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A SKY AFLAME27horse. Moiret, and th
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A SKY AFLAME29about Cleopatras. To
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A SKY AFLAME31vocabulary. The procl
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A SKY AFLAME33fore and killed him,
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A SKY AFLAME35out a governor or vic
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A SKY AFLAME37most elegantly explai
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A SKY AFLAME39Damanhur. “In five
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A SKY AFLAME41Adj. Gen. Augustin-Da
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A SKY AFLAME43his journal for 11 Ju
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3THE FERMENT OF THE MINDThe French
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THE FERMENT OF THE MIND47with this
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THE FERMENT OF THE MIND49saw Ottoma
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THE FERMENT OF THE MIND51so as to e
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THE FERMENT OF THE MIND53carbine (a
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THE FERMENT OF THE MIND55governors
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THE FERMENT OF THE MIND57consistent
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THE FERMENT OF THE MIND59were gathe
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THE FERMENT OF THE MIND61shown the
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THE FERMENT OF THE MIND63Shum, 1,80
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4GRAND CAIROHungry, thirsty, and ex
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GRAND CAIRO67ranks, the opposing ca
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GRAND CAIRO69Moreover, French artil
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GRAND CAIRO71enty-five city quarter
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GRAND CAIRO73Bonaparte had Cairo, a
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GRAND CAIRO75ment, and received for
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GRAND CAIRO77the latest in a long l
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GRAND CAIRO79tians had a superstiti
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GRAND CAIRO81nate curiosity; they s
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GRAND CAIRO83Desvernois observed of
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5THE FLIGHT OF IBRAHIM BEYLeclerc
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THE FLIGHT OF IBRAHIM BEY87hands.
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THE FLIGHT OF IBRAHIM BEY89vations
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THE FLIGHT OF IBRAHIM BEY91French o
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THE FLIGHT OF IBRAHIM BEY93commande
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THE FLIGHT OF IBRAHIM BEY95interced
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THE FLIGHT OF IBRAHIM BEY97even tho
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THE FLIGHT OF IBRAHIM BEY99his trea
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THE FLIGHT OF IBRAHIM BEY101Bonapar
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THE FLIGHT OF IBRAHIM BEY103“Many
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THE FLIGHT OF IBRAHIM BEY105Bonapar
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6THE MOST BEAUTIFUL NILETHAT HAS EV
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THE MOST BEAUTIFUL NILE THAT HAS EV
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THE MOST BEAUTIFUL NILE THAT HAS EV
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THE MOST BEAUTIFUL NILE THAT HAS EV
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THE MOST BEAUTIFUL NILE THAT HAS EV
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THE MOST BEAUTIFUL NILE THAT HAS EV
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THE MOST BEAUTIFUL NILE THAT HAS EV
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THE MOST BEAUTIFUL NILE THAT HAS EV
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7ALI BONAPARTEAlthough he was being
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ALI BONAPARTE125When evening fell,
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ALI BONAPARTE127posed to the infide
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ALI BONAPARTE129Muslims who drank w
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ALI BONAPARTE131forces sufficient t
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ALI BONAPARTE133that “the politic
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ALI BONAPARTE135Menou wrote in Octo
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ALI BONAPARTE137her as often as pos
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ALI BONAPARTE139bride, with “‘A
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ALI BONAPARTE141volved what to them
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144 NAPOLEON’S EGYPThundred Bedou
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146 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTscientists an
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148 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTDetroye saw o
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150 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTThe commander
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152 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTbut also in I
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154 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTlight artille
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156 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTreforming, li
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158 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTdistrict, but
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160 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTfollow regula
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162 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTThe lake peop
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164 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTGeneral Vial
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166 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTThe French ex
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168 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTrevolutionary
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170 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTmillion citiz
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172 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTnew Egypt for
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174 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTfor republica
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176 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTDoguereau des
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178 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTLater he happ
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180 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTFrench slave
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182 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTTheir nervous
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184 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTits saint ins
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186 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTfanatical”
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188 NAPOLEON’S EGYPThowever, this
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190 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTand a cape of
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192 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTWives of comm
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194 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTpersuaded to
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196 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTmistress migh
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198 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTalong major t
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200 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTthe chief jus
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202 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTammunition fr
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204 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTnear the Gran
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206 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTto see Bonapa
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208 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTwere threaten
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210 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTHe was hit by
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212 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTThe morning o
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214 NAPOLEON’S EGYPThad been drag
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216 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTrevolt,” ac
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218 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTBonaparte of
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220 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTFrench occupa
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224 NAPOLEON’S EGYPTburned by us;
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