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THE SOCIALLY EXCLUDEDCHAPTER 3Table 3: Educational Structure of the population in Croatia according to age groups (in %)Education 15-24 25-6465+Primary school not completed (NSCE 0 and 1)Primary school (NSCE 2)Three-year secondary schools (NSCE 3.3)Four-year secondary schools and gymnasiums (NSCE 3.1)Two-year post-secondary schools (NSCE 5.2)Colleges, master’s and doctor’s degrees (NSCE 5.1 and 6)Total %3.7837.8625.4330.950.971.0110011.2819.6132.2720.915.210.7310056.9915.7912.727.243.124.14100Source: Croatian Bureau of Statistics, Census 2001 (computed by the author)(aged 15 - 64). The share of the population who havegraduated from secondary school is 71.4%, while thesame group in the EU is only 67.9%. 38 However, thesame does not apply to post-secondary education.In Croatia, only 10.73% of the working contingenthas at least university education. 39 Students accountfor 2.84% of the total population, while in the EUstudents account for 3.79% of the total population.It can be concluded that Croatia has a relatively highshare of secondary school graduates, a considerableshare of an uneducated older population, and a lowshare of university graduates. 40The economically active population in Croatia(including both the employed and the structurallyunemployed who meet their statutory obligations towardsthe Croatian Employment Bureau) account for44.18% of the total population, while the share of theemployed in the total population is 35.01%. 41 Retiredpeople account for 21.79% of the total population,and the ratio between the retired and the employedis 1:1.6. 42 This demonstrates a low share of employeesin the population and a very high number of retiredpeople. It is expected that in about ten years’ timethe number of retired people will increase, as the socalled“baby-boom” generation (those born before1960) will retire, while the less numerous generationswill enter the work force. This problem is closely relatedto the rate of registered unemployment, whichis about 17% (in April 2006, the rate was 17.6% and inMay 2006, it was 16.7%), 43 and the low fertility rate.Figure 5: Economically non-active population by status,Census 2001Domesticcaregivers12.31%Disabled fromwork2.37 %Children notattendingschool13.84%Other2.14 %Students30.16%Source: Croatian Bureau of Statistics, Census 2001Retired persons39.18%38 Source: Eurostat, population and social conditions.39 Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, 2001 census (author’s calculations).40 Source: Eurostat, Population and social conditions (author’s calculations).41 Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, 2001 census42 Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, 2001 census (author’s calculations); the data in the census are different from the data of the CroatianPension Insurance Institute (HZMO; 2003 Report), which mention the ratio of 1:1.37. The data differ because of the different way of makingthe calculation: the HZMO compares the number of insured persons and retired persons, while in the census the Central Bureau of Statisticscompares the number of employed persons and retired persons.43 Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, announcements 2006.41
CHAPTER 3THE SOCIALLY EXCLUDEDThe fact that one-fifth of the population over 65(131,414 people) do not receive a pension, 44 is alsoimportant. It is also necessary to emphasize therelatively high share of female domestic caregivers inthe inactive population (one-eighth). They constitutea specific group within the inactive population, becausethey are able to work and could become activein the labour market. The structure of the employedshows that 81.57% of the employed work in anysector of ownership, while the remaining 18.43%are self-employed and individual agriculturalists. InCroatia, 67,690 people employ others (i.e., 4.4% of theemployed are employers). 45Figure 6: People with disabilities in Croatia accordingto the cause of disability, 2001 censusTraffic accidents4.29 %Illness45.97 %Other4.73 %Birth-related5.87 %Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, 2001 censusWorld War Two and itsconsequences3,08 %HomelandWar and itsconsequences10.66 %Work relateddisabilities25.41 %Box 2: Personal Experience“I will be 18 soon. I have grown up in a family with two older brothers. I have attended school until the fifthgrade. I had a boyfriend, but my parents were against me having a relationship. They did not let me to go toschool because I was seeing him there. I was not allowed to go anywhere on my own, my mum went with meeverywhere. Teacher said she would wait for me until this was resolved. School was sending letters… A yearwent by, but then I was embarrassed to go back to school. I have forgotten a lot of school stuff… Which gradewould I go to?I was helping my mum with housework. I think it is easier for boys: from time to time they cut wood logs, feedpigs… but girls have to work every day. I got married at the age of 16. Nowadays girls rarely marry at the age of14 or 16, because they could end up in an institution, and boys, if they are not underage could go to prison. Thereare girls in our village who have completed primary school and a couple of them completed vocational training.None of the women are employed. I live with my husband’s family. They are nice to me. I do not have to workhard, my tasks are to clean the house, sweep the yard, and wash clothes, my mother-in-law cooks. Sometimesthey even buy things for me. The custom here is to live in an extended family, but there are some young couplesnow who want to live on their own. My husband provides for us, so I do not have to go out to earn.Three moths ago I gave birth to a baby girl. The midwife visited us soon after we came home from the hospital. Inthe Health Centre they write down the dates when babies should be brought for vaccination. It is up to parentsthen to take care of it. But the Health Centre is about an hour’s walking distance, and the bus rarely operates.Sometimes I see my friends, but they are married too, so we do not have time to spend together. When I was inschool I used to have ‘peasant’ girlfriends (non-Roma). I used to dance in a folk-group when I was single. That wasthe best thing in my life. I cannot do it anymore; it is embarrassing to do that when one is married. It is possibleto dance at wedding parties, or some celebrations, but not in a folk group.My daughter is now the most important person in my life. I would like her to go to school, perhaps she couldwork until she gets married, but when she does and has children, it would be better that her husband providesfor her, so she does not have to suffer.” (From interview, Capraške Poljane, 25.08. 2006.)4244 Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, 2001 census (author’s calculations).45 Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, 2001 census (author’s calculations).
Page 1 and 2: Human Development ReportCroatia 200
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS3.2.8 Access to Housing and
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS3.9.5 Access to Information
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTSChapter 4: Key Challenges4.
Page 12 and 13: CHAPTER 1CONCEPT OF SOCIAL EXCLUSIO
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Page 20 and 21: CHAPTER 2SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT
Page 22 and 23: SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT CHAPTER 2mor
Page 24 and 25: SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT CHAPTER 22.4
Page 26 and 27: SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT CHAPTER 2Tab
Page 28 and 29: SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT CHAPTER 22.6
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THE SOCIALLY EXCLUDEDCHAPTER 3civil
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CHAPTER 4KEY CHALLENGES
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KEY CHALLENGESCHAPTER 4- People wit
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KEY CHALLENGESCHAPTER 4and Viroviti
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KEY CHALLENGESCHAPTER 4In welfare s
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CHAPTER 5POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
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POLICY RECOMMENDATIONSCHAPTER 55.2
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POLICY RECOMMENDATIONSCHAPTER 55.3
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POLICY RECOMMENDATIONSCHAPTER 5Ther
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STATISTICAL ANNEX
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STATISTICAL ANNEX2005s dohodkom u n
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STATISTICAL ANNEXIndicatorsMean val
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STATISTICAL ANNEXWater, sanitation
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STATISTICAL ANNEXODA received (net
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STATISTICAL ANNEXStatus of major UN
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BIBLIOGRAPHYBibliographyACUTE (2005
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BIBLIOGRAPHYGallie, D. (ed.), (2004
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BIBLIOGRAPHYPovjerenstvo Vlade Repu
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BIBLIOGRAPHYWorld Bank (2006). Worl
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Nations Development Programme (UNDP
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