Human Factors Criteria for the Design and Acquisition of ... - FAA

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Keyboards June 20049.12 ErgonomickeyboardsThe objective in the design of ergonomic keyboards is toplace the forearm, fingers, hands, and wrists of the typists ina more neutral position to prevent or decreasemusculoskeletal discomfort or injury. Any keyboardmanufacturer can apply the name “ergonomic” to akeyboard. Just because a keyboard is called an “ergonomic”keyboard, it does not mean that it reduces or preventsmusculoskeletal discomfort. There is currently insufficientresearch to make specific recommendations for most“ergonomic” keyboard designs.There are a variety of alternative keyboard features that havebeen developed to promote better user posture. Alternativekeyboards may incorporate more than one of these featuresin the design.Some of the alterations of conventional keyboard designintended to promote neutral wrist positions include:Angled keys – these keyboards seek to help the user typewith a straight wrist by angling the keys diagonally inwardtoward the center.Exhibit 9.12.a Angled keysAdjustable-angle split keyboards - The adjustable splitkeyboard has a user adjustable keyboard angle and rotatesthe two halves of the keyboard. Generally, these keyboardsare adjusted to have additional lateral inclination at an anglemore extreme than fixed angle keyboards. An adjustablesplit keyboard is intended to allow the user to place the wristand forearm into a more neutral position, specificallydecreasing ulnar abduction. [Source: Nakaseko, Grandjean,Hunting & Gierer, 1985; Simoneau, Marklin, Monroe & Zabors, 1996;Swanson, Galinsky, Cole, Pan & Sauter, 1997; Tittiranonda, Burastero,Wei & Rempel, 1996; Zecevic, Miller & Harburn, 2000]9-31
Keyboards June 2004Exhibit 9.12.b Adjustable-angle split keyboardContoured or curved keys – The rows of keys on thesekeyboards are curved or contoured to more closely followthe shape of the hand with the intent of reducing theworkload on the fingers.Exhibit 9.12.c Contoured or curved key keyboardFixed-angle, separated keyboards – These keyboards have asplit in the middle of the keyboard with the keys rotated,similar to the angled key keyboards but with a fixed spacebetween the two halves of the keyboard.Exhibit 9.12.d Fixed-angle separated keyboard9-32
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Page 15 and 16: Keyboards June 20049.1.4 Use in col
Page 17 and 18: Keyboards June 20049.2.4 Activity d
Page 19 and 20: Keyboards June 2004e. Pronation/sup
Page 21 and 22: Keyboards June 20049.4 Wrist/Palmre
Page 23 and 24: Keyboards June 20049.5 Keyboardphys
Page 25 and 26: Keyboards June 20049.5.1.6 Keyboard
Page 27 and 28: Keyboards June 20049.5.2 Keyboard l
Page 29 and 30: Keyboards June 20049.5.2.2 Grouping
Page 31 and 32: Keyboards June 20049.6.1 Toggle key
Page 33 and 34: Keyboards June 20049.6.3.5 Consiste
Page 35 and 36: Keyboards June 20049.7 Numerickeypa
Page 37 and 38: Keyboards June 20049.8 Keydimension
Page 39 and 40: Keyboards June 20049.9 Key labeling
Page 41 and 42: Keyboards June 20049.10 Keyactivati
Page 43: Keyboards June 20049.10.7 Key repea
Page 47 and 48: Keyboards June 2004Exhibit 9.12.g V
Page 49 and 50: Keyboards June 20049.12.1 Split key
Page 51 and 52: Keyboards June 20049.14 Membranekey
Page 53 and 54: Keyboards June 20049.15.7 Colored k
Page 55 and 56: Keyboards June 2004GlossaryABC keyb
Page 57 and 58: Keyboards June 2004Homing timeKey f
Page 59 and 60: Keyboards June 2004ReferencesAaras,
Page 61 and 62: Keyboards June 2004Conrad, R., & Lo
Page 63 and 64: Keyboards June 2004Henning, R., Jac
Page 65 and 66: Keyboards June 2004Marteniuk, R. G.
Page 67 and 68: Keyboards June 2004Rempel, D., Bach
Page 69: Keyboards June 2004Swanson, N. G.,

Human Factors Criteria for the Design and Acquisition of ... - FAA

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