Draft <strong>for</strong> review <strong>and</strong> comment<strong>for</strong> one-h<strong>and</strong>ed input, Membrane keyboards, Backlit keyboards, <strong>and</strong> Accommodating peoplewith disabilities. Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se sections have necessary sub-sections.2.3 Additional In<strong>for</strong>mationBased on feedback from <strong>FAA</strong> users, <strong>the</strong>re are instances when users are faced with budgetconstraints, time constraints, or o<strong>the</strong>r concerns. For <strong>the</strong>se instances, users are able to implementsome <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> design criteria, but not all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m. These users need to know <strong>the</strong> consequences <strong>of</strong>violating design criteria or under which conditions violation <strong>of</strong> design criteria might beacceptable. Throughout <strong>the</strong> document, <strong>the</strong> researchers added paragraphs <strong>of</strong> additionalin<strong>for</strong>mation that provide <strong>the</strong> grounds users need to make in<strong>for</strong>med decisions when faced withdesign choices.2.4 Expert ReviewA draft <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> newly created keyboard design criteria was circulated among a group <strong>of</strong> humanfactors pr<strong>of</strong>essionals <strong>for</strong> review <strong>and</strong> comment. Reviewers included those both inside <strong>and</strong> outside<strong>the</strong> <strong>FAA</strong>. The reviewers provided feedback on <strong>the</strong> chapter organization, content, clarity, <strong>and</strong>relevance.3. DOCUMENT OVERVIEWThe revision <strong>of</strong> Chapter 9 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> HFDS created notable changes. The search <strong>for</strong> current, updatedin<strong>for</strong>mation pertaining to input devices caused <strong>the</strong> realization that <strong>the</strong> chapter needed to beseparated into two chapters. The chapter on Keyboards remains Chapter 9, which is addressed inthis report. However, <strong>the</strong> researchers found that “input devices” was a somewhat outdated term,due to <strong>the</strong> advent <strong>of</strong> new technology. The second chapter that emerged from <strong>the</strong> initial “InputDevices” chapter is now referred to as “Non-Keyboard Interaction Devices.” We found itnecessary to separate <strong>the</strong>se two areas to fully address design criteria <strong>and</strong> st<strong>and</strong>ards that arecontinually evolving. The combination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> two separate chapters on Keyboards <strong>and</strong> Non-Keyboard Interaction Devices will replace <strong>the</strong> current Chapter 9 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> HFDS.The reorganization <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> in<strong>for</strong>mation in this document involved regrouping, separating <strong>and</strong>removing certain redundant, obsolete, or unverifiable design guidelines. Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> remainingguidelines were trans<strong>for</strong>med into design criteria.The underlying purpose <strong>of</strong> creating a human factors design st<strong>and</strong>ard <strong>for</strong> keyboards is to ensurethat <strong>the</strong> device will facilitate <strong>the</strong> goals <strong>of</strong> efficient interaction without harming <strong>the</strong> user.Achieving this goal is depends on multiple factors, both intrinsic to <strong>the</strong> design <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> keyboard<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> design broader workplace factors. Research indicates that <strong>for</strong>ce, frequency <strong>of</strong> repetition,duration, compression <strong>and</strong> awkward positions contribute to workplace musculoskeletal disorders(commonly referred to as Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs). No single factor will allow anefficient, ergonomic workplace in isolation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r factors. For example, a user that has akeyboard that reduces awkward positions, but still requires excessive <strong>for</strong>ce, is likely to still be atrisk <strong>for</strong> CTDs.The researchers created <strong>the</strong>se st<strong>and</strong>ards to aid in uni<strong>for</strong>mity <strong>and</strong> cohesion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> design, use, <strong>and</strong>acquisition <strong>of</strong> keyboards. However, as with any set <strong>of</strong> st<strong>and</strong>ards, common sense <strong>and</strong> advice fromhuman factors pr<strong>of</strong>essionals should be sought <strong>for</strong> use in a specific application.3
Draft <strong>for</strong> review <strong>and</strong> commentThe research team considers <strong>the</strong> revised <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Factors</strong> St<strong>and</strong>ard <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Design</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Acquisition</strong><strong>of</strong> Keyboards as a living document. We will update it as necessary to keep abreast <strong>of</strong> emergingtechnology, additional research, technological advances, <strong>and</strong> user feedback.The researchers attempted to create a useful, organized, comprehensive document. This isevidenced throughout <strong>the</strong> document where <strong>the</strong> user will find that each st<strong>and</strong>ard has at least onevalid source, if not more. The inclusion <strong>of</strong> sources allow <strong>the</strong> users a place to go to findadditional in<strong>for</strong>mation if necessary. The ef<strong>for</strong>t to provide <strong>the</strong> user with an organized, easy-to-usereference document is evident in <strong>the</strong> arrangement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> report, <strong>the</strong> glossary, <strong>and</strong> extensive list <strong>of</strong>references.The team underst<strong>and</strong>s that <strong>the</strong>re is always room <strong>for</strong> improvement <strong>and</strong> encourage comments <strong>and</strong>feedback. Please send comments <strong>and</strong> feedback Vicki Ahlstrom at <strong>the</strong> Research Development<strong>and</strong> <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Factors</strong> Laboratory, William J. Hughes Technical Center, Atlantic City InternationalAirport, NJ 08405.Appendix A presents <strong>the</strong> full set <strong>of</strong> keyboards design criteria. A table <strong>of</strong> contents precedes <strong>the</strong>document. A glossary containing key terms <strong>and</strong> a list <strong>of</strong> references follow <strong>the</strong> st<strong>and</strong>ards.4
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- Page 37 and 38: Keyboards June 20049.8 Keydimension
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- Page 45 and 46: Keyboards June 2004Exhibit 9.12.b A
- Page 47 and 48: Keyboards June 2004Exhibit 9.12.g V
- Page 49 and 50: Keyboards June 20049.12.1 Split key
- Page 51 and 52: Keyboards June 20049.14 Membranekey
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- Page 55 and 56: Keyboards June 2004GlossaryABC keyb
- Page 57 and 58: Keyboards June 2004Homing timeKey f
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Keyboards June 2004ReferencesAaras,
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Keyboards June 2004Conrad, R., & Lo
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Keyboards June 2004Henning, R., Jac
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Keyboards June 2004Marteniuk, R. G.
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Keyboards June 2004Rempel, D., Bach
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Keyboards June 2004Swanson, N. G.,