2006-2007 - Kennedy Space Center Technology Transfer Office

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Hail Size Distribution MappingA 3-D weather radar visualization software program was developed and implementedLocalized-WeatherForecasting and as part of an experimental Launch Pad 39 Hail Monitor System. 3DRadPlot, a radarplottingprogram, is one of several software modules that form building blocks of theMeasurementhail data processing and analysis system (the complete software processing system underdevelopment). The spatial and temporal mapping algorithms were originally developed throughresearch at the University of Central Florida, funded by NASA’s Tropical Rainfall MeasurementMission (TRMM), where the goal was to merge National Weather Service (NWS) Next-GenerationWeather Radar (NEXRAD) volume reflectivity data with drop size distribution data acquired froma cluster of raindrop disdrometers. In this current work, we adapted these algorithms to processdata from a cluster of hail disdrometers positioned around Launch Pads 39A or 39B, along with thecorresponding NWS radar data. Radar data from all NWS NEXRAD sites is archived at the NationalClimatic Data Center (NCDC). That data can be readily accessed at .3DRadPlot plots Level III reflectivity data at four scan elevations (this software is available at OpenChannel Software, ). By using spatialand temporal interpolation/extrapolation based on hydrometeor fall dynamics, we can merge the haildisdrometer array data coupled with local Weather Surveillance Radar-1988, Doppler (WSR-88D)radial velocity and reflectivity data into a 4-D (3-D space and time) picture of hail size distributions.Hail flux maps can then be generated and used for damage prediction and assessment over specificsurfaces corresponding to structures within the disdrometer array volume. Immediately following ahail storm, specific damage areas and degree of damage can be identified for inspection crews.Contact: Dr. John E. Lane , ASRC Aerospace, (321) 867-6939Participating Organization: NASA-KSC (Dr. Robert C. Youngquist)Figure 1a. Three-dimensional radar display plot, 8 km ×8 km × 4 km, centered on Pad 39A. Each grid line is 1 km.This reflectivity data corresponds to the severe hail event ofFebruary 26, 2007, which resulted in a 3-month delay of thelaunch of STS-117.Figure 1b. Same 8-km × 8-km × 4-km view shown inFigure 1a but 10 minutes later, when Pad 39A was clear ofhail and rain.52 Range Technologies
Figure 2a. Three-dimensional radar display plot, 1 km ×1 km × 0.5 km, centered on Pad 39A. Each grid line is125 m. This NWS radar reflectivity data corresponds to thesame time shown in Figure 1a.Figure 2b. Same 1-km × 1-km × 0.5-km 3-D view as shownin Figure 2a. This data is generated by the three hail monitorstations and is the equivalent hail reflectivity (minus rainfallbackground) that would be seen by radar if only hail were inthe air.Figure 2c. Same plot as shown in Figure 2b, with aconstant rain background added to the hail monitor data.The rain background is an estimate of what radar wouldsee if only rain were in the air.Figure 3. Wind tower data near Pad 39A, showing wind speedand direction. The wind speed peaked at over 60 kt during thehail event. The wind peak was very short (on the order of aminute). The entire hail event was on the order of 10 minutes,whereas the entire rain event was less than 1 hour.KSC Technology Development and Application 2006-200753
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ForewordSuccessful technology devel
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ContentsSpaceport Structures and Ma
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Contents (continued)Process and Hum
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IntroductionJohn F. Kennedy Space C
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Constellation SystemsSurfaceSystems
Page 15 and 16: Spaceport Structures and MaterialsK
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Page 19 and 20: Initial results of the EDEM model o
Page 21 and 22: Contacts: Dr. Carlos I. Calle ,NASA
Page 23 and 24: Close examination of the corrosions
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Page 29 and 30: Contacts: Dr. Paul E. Hintze , NASA
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Page 35 and 36: Figure 2. A corrugated NiTi sheet e
Page 37 and 38: The PLTD can be used to (1) calibra
Page 39 and 40: SEM images of neat MWNT fibers: (a)
Page 41 and 42: Contacts: Trent M. Smith
Page 43 and 44: Figure 1. An isometric cutaway view
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2. Quartz sand flowing in th
Page 47 and 48: Figure 2. Top images show how the e
Page 49 and 50: Sand volume fraction contour at t =
Page 51 and 52: Integrated LWRD/RVC engineering bre
Page 53 and 54: Mean relative percentage change in
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Page 57 and 58: Figure 2. Three-dimensional simulat
Page 59 and 60: Figure 3. Camera calibration model.
Page 61 and 62: The sketch in Figure 2 shows alaunc
Page 63: Figure 2. Signal generator (right)
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Page 72 and 73: The Photogrammetry CubeSpaceport/Ra
Page 74 and 75: Bird Vision SystemThe Bird Vision s
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Page 80 and 81: GPS Metric Tracking UnitAs Global P
Page 82 and 83: Space-Based RangeSpace-Based Range
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Page 89 and 90: Composite seals for performance eva
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Page 93 and 94: Contacts: Dr. Barry J. Meneghelli ,
Page 95 and 96: 60555045Comparative k-value (mW/m-K
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Page 101: Low-gravity probe prototype test.th
Page 104 and 105: Countermeasure for Radiation Protec
Page 106 and 107: Focused Metabolite Profiling for Di
Page 109 and 110: Process and Human FactorsEngineerin
Page 111 and 112: DON uses game technology to enable
Page 113 and 114: Type of mobile crane that impacted
Page 115 and 116: SALT proof-of-concept communication
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SSLM CAD model.Our design offers th
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Variables that can be integrated by
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Exploration Supply Chain Simulation
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Nanosensors for Evaluating Hazardou
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Sixty-four-Channel Inline Cable Tes
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Wireless Inclinometer Calibration S
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Generating Safety-Critical PLC Code
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Spacecraft Electrostatic Radiation
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Ion Beam Propulsion StudySpacecraft
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RT-MATRIX: Measuring Total Organic
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Appendix AKSC High-Priority Technol
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Risk Assessment ToolMission Data Fe
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Appendix BInnovative Partnership Pr
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system for the Government, using th
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tracking objects after launch, and
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2006-2007 - Kennedy Space Center Technology Transfer Office

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