annexesAnnex 5: Percentage household welfare loss/gain from rising food prices in seven countries2.5Rural2.01.5Percentage change in welfare1.00.50.0-0.5-1.0-1.5-2.0-2.5-3.0Bangladesh Pakistan Vietnam Guatemala GhanaMadagascarMalawi0.0Urban-0.5Percentage change in welfare-1.0-1.5-2.0-2.5-3.0Bangladesh Pakistan Vietnam Guatemala GhanaMadagascarMalawiPer Capita Expenditure Quintiles:1 (Poorest) 2345AllAnalysis using RIGA dataSource: FAO 2008e72ACF International Network<strong>Feeding</strong> Hunger <strong>and</strong> Insecurity
annexesAnnex 6: Summary of the actions proposed by the HLTF as part of the CFAObjective Action Responsible Multi-lateralImprove the accessibility<strong>and</strong> scale-up emergencyfood assistance, nutritioninterventions <strong>and</strong> safetynetsBoost smallholder farmerproductionAdjust trade <strong>and</strong> taxpoliciesManage MacroeconomicimplicationsExp<strong>and</strong> social protectionsystemsSustain growth ofsmallholder farmer foodproductionImprove international foodmarketsDevelop consensus onbio-fuelsStrengthen globalinformation <strong>and</strong> monitoringsystems• Protect the basic consumption needs of the poor• Scale-up nutritional support• Support management of under nutrition• Promote school feeding• Adjust pensions <strong>and</strong> other existing social protection programmes• Allow free flow of assistance• Explore establishing humanitarian food reserves• Provide productivity enhancing safety nets• Rehabilitate rural <strong>and</strong> agricultural infrastructure• Reduce post-harvest crop losses <strong>and</strong> improve village level stocks• Remove artificial constraints to domestic trade• Improve animal health services• Review trade <strong>and</strong> taxation policy options• Use strategic grain reserves to lower prices• Avoid generalized food subsidies• Minimize use of export restrictions• Reduce restrictions on use of stocks• Reduce import tariffs• Improve efficiency of trade facilitation• Temporarily reduce VAT <strong>and</strong> other taxes• Hold down core inflation <strong>and</strong> inflation expectations• Assess the impact on the balance of payments• Mobilize external support to finance additional food imports• Ensure adequate levels of foreign exchange reserves• Cost all fiscal measures in response to food crisis• Strengthen capacity to design <strong>and</strong> implement social protection• policies <strong>and</strong> programmes• Move towards more efficient programmes• Identify alternatives to unconditional assistance• Improve the quality <strong>and</strong> diversity of foods• Improve the enabling policy framework• Stimulate public/private investment in agriculture• Ensure secure access to <strong>and</strong> better management of natural• resources, including l<strong>and</strong>, water <strong>and</strong> biodiversity• Invest in agricultural research• Improve rural infrastructure• Ensure sustained access to competitive, transparent <strong>and</strong> private-• sector-led markets• Support development of producer organizations• Strengthen access of smallholders <strong>and</strong> other food chain actors to• financial <strong>and</strong> risk management instruments• Reduce/eliminate agricultural trade distortions in higher income• countries• Implement ‘Aid for Trade’• Strengthen oversight markets to limit speculation• Build capacity for markets to better meet needs of lower income countries• Support regional or global stocks sharing• Prepare a common reference framework• Develop bio-fuel guidelines <strong>and</strong> safeguard measures• Re-assess bio-fuel targets, subsidies <strong>and</strong> tariffs• Facilitate private investments in biofuel production• Promote research <strong>and</strong> development, knowledge exchange <strong>and</strong>• capacity building• Establish better coordination of information systems• Carry-out comprehensive assessments <strong>and</strong> monitoring• Undertake impact analysis• Conduct health <strong>and</strong> nutrition assessments• Analyze policy options <strong>and</strong> programmatic approaches• Review contingency plans <strong>and</strong> early warning systemsIMF, OCHA, UNHCR, UNICEF,World Bank, WFP, WHOFAO, IFAD, World Bank, WFPIMF, UNCTAD, UNDP, WorldBank, WTOIMF, World BankIMF, UNDP, UNEP, UNHCR,UNICEF, World Bank, WFPFAO, IFAD, UNCTAD, UNDP,UNEP, World BankUNCTAD, World Bank, WHO,WTOFAO, IMF, UNCTAD, UNDP,UNEP, World BankFAO, IMF, UNEP, UNHCR,UNICEF, World Bank, WFP,WHOSource: HLTF 2008ACF International Network <strong>Feeding</strong> Hunger <strong>and</strong> Insecurity 73
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