The Oligo-Miocene deepwater system of the Levant Basin

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- 29 -high-amplitude events west of it in the center of the basin. The red horizon appears to be againdisrupted by reverse faulting at the western edge of the folded belt (Fig. 12).It should be emphasized that the correlation of the base Oligocene red horizon shown in Figures 11and 12 pose a significant constrain on the stratigraphy and age of the Levant basin-fill. It impliesthat the entire rock section, between about 5 sec TWT and the base of the Messinian salt, is ofOligo-Miocene age (Figs. 11 and 12). Although the amount of offset of the red horizon on thereverse faults can not be determined with precision, this may correspond to an uncertainty in therange of several hundred milliseconds only and does not fundamentally change the overall seismostratigraphicinterpretation.4.3 Mapping the Tertiary unconformities in the Levant BasinTime structure maps of the three Tertiary unconformities that were compiled from the interpretedseismic data set are shown in Figures 13 to 15. Theses maps, which were already presented byGardosh et al. (2006, 2008), were revised with the inclusion of additional 2D seismic profiles and3D seismic cubes. The new maps are therefore more accurate, particularly in the eastern part of thebasin margin and near the coastline. The time maps were converted to depth maps by using intervalvelocity maps compiled from well and seismic data (Gardosh et al., 2006; Gardosh et al., 2008).Minor differences between the time and depth maps (Figs. 13 to 15 and 16 to 18) are attributed tothe depth conversion process as well as to the calibration of the depth maps with additional welldata that was not used in the seismic interpretation (Table 1).5. Tertiary canyon evolution in the Levant slope5.1 GeneralThe Oligo-Miocene submarine canyon system is interpreted here, through analyzing the time anddepth maps of the three Tertiary unconformity surfaces: base Oligocene, Late Miocene and topMessinian (Figs. 13 to 15 and 16 to 19). The canyon system includes several main conduits; fromsouth to north: the Afiq, Ashdod, Atlit, Haifa and Qishon canyons (Figs. 20 to 21). Most canyonswere fed by numerous tributaries that reached considerable length and size in some areas. Threeparticularly large tributaries of this kind are: the Hadera, Netanya and Caesarea canyons, which areinterpreted as tributaries of the Ashdod Canyon (Fig. 20).The Tertiary canyons vary in their morphology and style. Some of them are deeply incised, whileothers are associated with filling of preexisting topographic lows or submarine valleys. In either
- 30 -10812591167Figure 13: Time structure map (in milliseconds below MSL datum) of the baseOligocene unconformity (red seismic horizon). Contour interval = 100 ms. Red linesmark the location of cross-section of Figures 5 to 12. Light blue polygon shows an areawhere the horizon is missing on the top of the Jonah volcanic body.
Page 1 and 2: The Oligo-Miocene deepwater system
Page 4 and 5: ITable of contentPageAbstract …
Page 6: IIIFigure 16: Depth map of the base
Page 9 and 10: - 2 -Oligo-Miocene sands were depos
Page 11 and 12: - 4 -The discoveries of the early 2
Page 13 and 14: - 6 -the southeastern part of the b
Page 15 and 16: - 8 -Legend2D survey A2D survey B2D
Page 17 and 18: - 10 -2.2 Seismic dataThe seismic i
Page 19 and 20: - 12 -conditions, and possibly sedi
Page 21 and 22: - 14 -3.3.2 Lower Oligocene sedimen
Page 23 and 24: - 16 -Druckman, 2006; Bertoni and C
Page 25 and 26: - 18 -aSWNETWT (ms)bSWHanaha-1NEMav
Page 27 and 28: - 20 -aNWSETWT (ms)bYam West-1Ziqim
Page 29 and 30: - 22 -WETWT (ms)aYam Yafo-1multiple
Page 31 and 32: - 24 -NW SEaYam West-2Plio-Pleistoc
Page 33 and 34: - 26 -A third incision surface, mar
Page 35: - 28 -4.2.2 Deep, central part of t
Page 39 and 40: - 32 -10812591167Figure 15: Time st
Page 41 and 42: - 34 -HaifaQishon302829AtlitCaesare
Page 43 and 44: - 36 -Figure 19: Depth map on the t
Page 45 and 46: - 38 -SW NEAfiq Canyon Ashdod Canyo
Page 47 and 48: - 40 -The Beer Sheva-Afiq Canyon lo
Page 49 and 50: - 42 -SWNE SW NE SW NEPlio-Pleistoc
Page 51 and 52: - 44 -SWHanaha-1NE SW NE SW Hof Ash
Page 53 and 54: - 46 -BMSL1400m.1500200025003000Han
Page 55 and 56: - 48 -WE W E NW SEPlio-PleistoceneC
Page 57 and 58: - 50 -W EPlio-PleistoceneMessinian
Page 59 and 60: - 52 -S NPlio-PleistoceneM.-U. Mioc
Page 61 and 62: Figure 31: Stratigraphic section al
Page 63 and 64: - 56 -W ELower-slope and basin floo
Page 65 and 66: - 58 -SlopeSusita + En-GevsandsShel
Page 67 and 68: - 60 -In the Hadera Canyon the seis
Page 69 and 70: - 62 -Additional mechanisms for tra
Page 71 and 72: - 64 -The existence of channel fill
Page 73 and 74: - 66 -SlopePartly Uplifted ?Hordos
Page 75 and 76: - 68 -Oligo-Miocene sands were depo
Page 77 and 78: - 70 -Druckman, Y., Conway, B.H., E
Page 79 and 80: - 72 -Neev, D., 1960, A pre-Neogene

The Oligo-Miocene deepwater system of the Levant Basin

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