The Oligo-Miocene deepwater system of the Levant Basin

More documents

Recommendations

Info

- 51 -conspicuous erosional surface identified on seismic profiles west of the Carmel/Foxtrot elevatedblock (Figs. 17 and 29). A top Tortonian canyon is clearly observed at the upper reach of the HaifaCanyon (Fig. 30).5.7 The Qishon CanyonThe canyon is located in the Qishon Graben (Neev et al., 1976; Garfunkel and Almagor, 1985; Ben-Gai and Ben-Avraham, 1995) on the hanging-wall of the Yagur fault (Figs. 16 to 18). The graben isa NW-SE trending asymmetric fault block, 5-7 km wide. It is bound by the Yagur fault on thesouthwest and by a smaller speculated normal fault in the northeast (Figs., 16 and 30). The grabenextends from the Zevulun Valley onshore into the Haifa Bay offshore, where the maximal verticaldisplacement on the Yagur fault exceeds 1,500 m. The Qishon Graben is a tectonic depression thatcurrently forms a conduit for both subaerial (e.g. the Qishon River) and submarine sedimenttransport on the Levant margin.The Qishon Yam-1 borehole (Fig. 30) is located within the offshore part of the graben. The age ofits sedimentary fill provides important evidence for its geological history. Schattner et al. (2006)studied the stratigraphy of the well, and based on biostratigraphic evidence they concluded that thewell penetrated a 400 m thick section of marl and anhydrite dating from Middle Oligocene to earlyMiddle Miocene time. Based on this interpretation Schattner et al. (2006) further suggested that thegraben was already active in the Oligocene, and was part of a regional NW-SE rift system termedthe Qishon-Sirhan trend.A reexamination of the biostratigraphy (Siman-Tov, 2008a) revealed the following results: (1) noEarly Pliocene section was found in the well; (2) Late Pliocene section overlies an alternatingsection of anhydrite and marl, containing a mixed (not in sequence) assemblage of Oligocene toMessinian fauna. Based on these findings it is suggested that the mixed marl and anhydrite intervalpenetrated in the Qishon Yam-1 borehole, between 1,200 and 1,663 m, is a mass transported pile ofMessinian evaporates with reworked older faunal elements. Likewise, the absence of the lowerPliocene part of the Yafo Formation is similarly explained (Fig. 31).Further onshore, the Messinian evaporites correlate with the 60 m thick section of gypsumpenetrated in the Canusa-9 borehole, and further eastward in the Qishon Valley with the gypsumbeds penetrated at the very bottom of the Shefa Yamim wells. Due to their elevation (250-360 mBSL) it is inferred that these gypsum layers are coeval with the Beeri gypsum encountered in the
- 52 -S NPlio-PleistoceneM.-U. MioceneMessinian salt complexTWT (ms)Oligocene- L. MioceneCretaceous- EoceneFigure 29: Seismic profile showing the Middle Miocene Haifa Canyon. Pronounced incision, associated with the early MiddleMiocene unconformity is observed below the Messinian salt, forming about 10 km wide canyon cut. Similar although lesspronounced incision is associated with the base Messinian and possibly also with the base Oligocene unconformities. Seelocation in Figures 16 to 18 .
Page 1 and 2:
The Oligo-Miocene deepwater system
Page 4 and 5:
ITable of contentPageAbstract …
Page 6:
IIIFigure 16: Depth map of the base
Page 9 and 10: - 2 -Oligo-Miocene sands were depos
Page 11 and 12: - 4 -The discoveries of the early 2
Page 13 and 14: - 6 -the southeastern part of the b
Page 15 and 16: - 8 -Legend2D survey A2D survey B2D
Page 17 and 18: - 10 -2.2 Seismic dataThe seismic i
Page 19 and 20: - 12 -conditions, and possibly sedi
Page 21 and 22: - 14 -3.3.2 Lower Oligocene sedimen
Page 23 and 24: - 16 -Druckman, 2006; Bertoni and C
Page 25 and 26: - 18 -aSWNETWT (ms)bSWHanaha-1NEMav
Page 27 and 28: - 20 -aNWSETWT (ms)bYam West-1Ziqim
Page 29 and 30: - 22 -WETWT (ms)aYam Yafo-1multiple
Page 31 and 32: - 24 -NW SEaYam West-2Plio-Pleistoc
Page 33 and 34: - 26 -A third incision surface, mar
Page 35 and 36: - 28 -4.2.2 Deep, central part of t
Page 37 and 38: - 30 -10812591167Figure 13: Time st
Page 39 and 40: - 32 -10812591167Figure 15: Time st
Page 41 and 42: - 34 -HaifaQishon302829AtlitCaesare
Page 43 and 44: - 36 -Figure 19: Depth map on the t
Page 45 and 46: - 38 -SW NEAfiq Canyon Ashdod Canyo
Page 47 and 48: - 40 -The Beer Sheva-Afiq Canyon lo
Page 49 and 50: - 42 -SWNE SW NE SW NEPlio-Pleistoc
Page 51 and 52: - 44 -SWHanaha-1NE SW NE SW Hof Ash
Page 53 and 54: - 46 -BMSL1400m.1500200025003000Han
Page 55 and 56: - 48 -WE W E NW SEPlio-PleistoceneC
Page 57: - 50 -W EPlio-PleistoceneMessinian
Page 61 and 62: Figure 31: Stratigraphic section al
Page 63 and 64: - 56 -W ELower-slope and basin floo
Page 65 and 66: - 58 -SlopeSusita + En-GevsandsShel
Page 67 and 68: - 60 -In the Hadera Canyon the seis
Page 69 and 70: - 62 -Additional mechanisms for tra
Page 71 and 72: - 64 -The existence of channel fill
Page 73 and 74: - 66 -SlopePartly Uplifted ?Hordos
Page 75 and 76: - 68 -Oligo-Miocene sands were depo
Page 77 and 78: - 70 -Druckman, Y., Conway, B.H., E
Page 79 and 80: - 72 -Neev, D., 1960, A pre-Neogene
show all

The Oligo-Miocene deepwater system of the Levant Basin

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?