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Designer Drugs and the Brain13Figure 1.1 Neurons (nerve cells) transmit informationthroughout the brain and the body. A typical neuron is shownhere. Electrical impulses are received by the dendrites andtransmitted to the next neuron via the axon. The myelin sheathinsulates the axon and increases the speed at which electricalimpulses can travel.to either become activated (passing along the electrical signal)or inhibited (not passing along the signal).Designer drugs, as well as other drugs like alcohol, cocaine,and heroin, produce their effects on the brain by altering the
14DESIGNER DRUGSFigure 1.2 Serotonin is one of the brain’s neurotransmitters. Thisimage depicts serotonin transmission between neurons and the drugEcstasy’s effects on that transmission. Serotonin is normally removedfrom the synapse shortly after being released. Ecstasy blocks thismechanism, increasing the amount of serotonin in the synapse. Thiscauses the postsynaptic neuron to be overstimulated by serotonin.Serotonin is one of many neurotransmitters that nerve cells can secrete.Other common neurotransmitters include dopamine, glutamate,gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), noradrenaline, and endorphins.actions of neurotransmitters and consequently how neuronscommunicate with each other. However, different drugs canalter the actions of neurotransmitters in different ways. Somedrugs, like Ecstasy and methamphetamine, cause neurons torelease excess neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin.
Page 2 and 3: DRUGSThe Straight FactsDesignerDrug
Page 4 and 5: DRUGSThe Straight FactsDesignerDrug
Page 6 and 7: Table of ContentsThe Use and Abuse
Page 8 and 9: the connection between our demand f
Page 10 and 11: The term designer drugs was origina
Page 12 and 13: Designer Drugs and the Brain11may l
Page 16 and 17: Designer Drugs and the Brain15Other
Page 18 and 19: Designer Drugs and the Brain17Figur
Page 20 and 21: a much stronger “rush” than was
Page 22 and 23: Methamphetamine21Figure 2.2 Methamp
Page 24 and 25: Methamphetamine23known to hijack sh
Page 26 and 27: Methamphetamine25or hemorrhage. Chr
Page 28 and 29: Methamphetamine27Figure 2.4 Althoug
Page 30 and 31: Methamphetamine29decline in their a
Page 32 and 33: Figure 3.1 The chemical structure o
Page 34 and 35: Ecstasy33Figure 3.2 Ecstasy tablets
Page 36 and 37: Ecstasy35that felt after taking coc
Page 38 and 39: Ecstasy37specifically in serotonin-
Page 40 and 41: Ecstasy39parties, and raves, and it
Page 42 and 43: Ecstasy41RAVESEcstasy and other des
Page 44 and 45: and underground laboratories began
Page 46 and 47: GHB45a coma-like state for which pa
Page 48 and 49: GHB47assault to the police. In addi
Page 50 and 51: GHB49a consequence, enforcement of
Page 52 and 53: GHB51STATISTICS AND PATTERNS OF GHB
Page 54 and 55: GHB53Figure 4.2 The number of emerg
Page 56 and 57: and European countries. Rohypnol is
Page 58 and 59: Rohypnol57Figure 5.2 The chemical s
Page 60 and 61: Rohypnol59Rohypnol can also act dir
Page 62 and 63: Rohypnol61Both of these are false
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list, signifying that further restr
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Ketamine65Figure 6.2 The chemical s
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Ketamine67HOW KETAMINE WORKS IN THE
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Ketamine69Figure 6.3 Although the n
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Ketamine71the drug. As with other d
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Figure 7.1 The opium poppy, shown h
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Painkiller Analogues75In 1979-1980,
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Painkiller Analogues77Figure 7.3 Th
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Painkiller Analogues79Figure 7.4 Th
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Painkiller Analogues81the brain tha
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Bibliography and Further ReadingCha
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Dillon, P. Copel, and J.K. Jansen.
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www.projectghb.orgInformation about
Page 90 and 91:
Talk With Your KidsInformation on t
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Date rape drugsEcstasy, 37GHB, 43,
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legal status of,18-19looks of, 19-2
Page 96 and 97:
Picture Creditspage:13: Lambda Scie
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