Figure 7.1 The opium poppy, shown here, is the source of suchdrugs as opium and heroin. Opium poppies are grown in variousregions of the world, including the Middle East, Southeast Asia,and Central and South America. To harvest the opium, growers“nick” the poppies with a knife and let the sappy, raw opium dripout. The opium is then scraped off the poppy and processed intoillegal opiate drugs like heroin.73
74DESIGNER DRUGSFENTANYL AND ITS ANALOGUESFentanyl was introduced to the United States in 1968 by theJanssen Pharmaceutical Company and marketed under thetrade name Sublimaze. Its primary purpose was for use as anintravenous anesthetic and analgesic. It is 100 times more potentthan morphine in reducing pain, and its duration of action is only30 minutes (compared to morphine, which lasts several hours).Over the years, fentanyl has proved to be an extremely usefuldrug, and to date, it is still widely used for surgeries, childbirth,pain associated with cancer and other diseases, and the treatmentof trauma-related injuries. Although fentanyl solutions are oftengiven intravenously, pill forms of the drug are also available.Due to the success of fentanyl, Janssen and other pharmaceuticalcompanies started to produce other legal fentanylanalogues with a wider range of potency and duration ofaction, including:• Alfentanil—also known as Alfenta®, it is very shortacting(5–15 minutes), 20–30 times more potent thanmorphine, and used for dental, diagnostic, and otherminor surgical procedures.• Sufentanil—also known as Sufenta®, it is extremelypotent (2,000–4,000 times more potent than morphine),and is used for heart surgery and childbirth.• Carfentanil—also known as Wildnil®, it is 10,000times more potent than morphine and is often usedby veterinarians and wild animal researchers toimmobilize large animals.• Lofentanil—another extremely potent fentanylderivative that is 6,000 times stronger than morphineand is very long-acting (i.e., hours), so it is used onlyfor prolonged surgical procedures and treatment ofmultiple trauma-related injuries.
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DRUGSThe Straight FactsDesignerDrug
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DRUGSThe Straight FactsDesignerDrug
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Table of ContentsThe Use and Abuse
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the connection between our demand f
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The term designer drugs was origina
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Designer Drugs and the Brain11may l
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Designer Drugs and the Brain13Figur
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Designer Drugs and the Brain15Other
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Designer Drugs and the Brain17Figur
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a much stronger “rush” than was
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Methamphetamine21Figure 2.2 Methamp
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- Page 34 and 35: Ecstasy33Figure 3.2 Ecstasy tablets
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- Page 52 and 53: GHB51STATISTICS AND PATTERNS OF GHB
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- Page 56 and 57: and European countries. Rohypnol is
- Page 58 and 59: Rohypnol57Figure 5.2 The chemical s
- Page 60 and 61: Rohypnol59Rohypnol can also act dir
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- Page 66 and 67: Ketamine65Figure 6.2 The chemical s
- Page 68 and 69: Ketamine67HOW KETAMINE WORKS IN THE
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- Page 76 and 77: Painkiller Analogues75In 1979-1980,
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- Page 84 and 85: Bibliography and Further ReadingCha
- Page 86 and 87: Dillon, P. Copel, and J.K. Jansen.
- Page 88 and 89: www.projectghb.orgInformation about
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