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Rohypnol57Figure 5.2 The chemical structures of Rohypnol andValium are shown here. The chemical structure of Rohypnolis quite similar to that of Valium, but Rohypnol is 10 timesmore potent.The effects of Rohypnol are felt approximately 15–20 minutesafter taking the drug and can last up to eight hours. The userwill feel drowsy, dizzy, and confused, and may experienceextreme sleepiness. Many times the user will become physicallyand mentally incapacitated, unable to think or move. Despitethe strong depressant effects of Rohypnol, some users mayinitially feel agitated or aggressive. Users often experience“anterograde amnesia,” meaning that he or she will be unable
58DESIGNER DRUGSto remember many events that occurred while being under theinfluence of the drug. Some Rohypnol users take the drugbecause it lessens the “crash” or depression that follows thehigh of a stimulant like cocaine or amphetamine.Physical effects of Rohypnol include gastrointestinaldisturbances (an upset stomach), slurred speech, decreasedblood pressure, muscle relaxation, motor incoordination, andurinary retention (inability to urinate).All of the psychological and physical effects of Rohypnol aredramatically increased when the drug is taken in combinationwith alcohol. In some instances, the combination can be lethal.HOW ROHYPNOL WORKS IN THE BRAINRohypnol, like all benzodiazepines, produces its effect bydepressing the activity of nerve cells in the brain. It does so byinteracting with a protein called the GABA-A receptor. GABAis the main chemical messenger in the brain that causes nervecells to become less active. Rohypnol binds to the same proteinas GABA (the GABA-A receptor) and increases the ability ofGABA to reduce neuronal activity. Other drugs that also act onthe GABA-A receptor include alcohol and barbiturates.Rohypnol is believed to produce its effects by acting onnumerous brain regions, as described in Table 5.1.Table 5.1 Rohypnol’s Effect on the BrainEFFECTDrowsiness, confusion,dizziness, and sleepMotor impairmentSlurred speechAmnesiaBRAIN REGION(S)Frontal cortex, brainstem,hypothalamusCerebellumFrontal cortex, brainstemHippocampus(limbic system)
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DRUGSThe Straight FactsDesignerDrug
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DRUGSThe Straight FactsDesignerDrug
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Table of ContentsThe Use and Abuse
Page 8 and 9: the connection between our demand f
Page 10 and 11: The term designer drugs was origina
Page 12 and 13: Designer Drugs and the Brain11may l
Page 14 and 15: Designer Drugs and the Brain13Figur
Page 16 and 17: Designer Drugs and the Brain15Other
Page 18 and 19: Designer Drugs and the Brain17Figur
Page 20 and 21: a much stronger “rush” than was
Page 22 and 23: Methamphetamine21Figure 2.2 Methamp
Page 24 and 25: Methamphetamine23known to hijack sh
Page 26 and 27: Methamphetamine25or hemorrhage. Chr
Page 28 and 29: Methamphetamine27Figure 2.4 Althoug
Page 30 and 31: Methamphetamine29decline in their a
Page 32 and 33: Figure 3.1 The chemical structure o
Page 34 and 35: Ecstasy33Figure 3.2 Ecstasy tablets
Page 36 and 37: Ecstasy35that felt after taking coc
Page 38 and 39: Ecstasy37specifically in serotonin-
Page 40 and 41: Ecstasy39parties, and raves, and it
Page 42 and 43: Ecstasy41RAVESEcstasy and other des
Page 44 and 45: and underground laboratories began
Page 46 and 47: GHB45a coma-like state for which pa
Page 48 and 49: GHB47assault to the police. In addi
Page 50 and 51: GHB49a consequence, enforcement of
Page 52 and 53: GHB51STATISTICS AND PATTERNS OF GHB
Page 54 and 55: GHB53Figure 4.2 The number of emerg
Page 56 and 57: and European countries. Rohypnol is
Page 60 and 61: Rohypnol59Rohypnol can also act dir
Page 62 and 63: Rohypnol61Both of these are false
Page 64 and 65: list, signifying that further restr
Page 66 and 67: Ketamine65Figure 6.2 The chemical s
Page 68 and 69: Ketamine67HOW KETAMINE WORKS IN THE
Page 70 and 71: Ketamine69Figure 6.3 Although the n
Page 72 and 73: Ketamine71the drug. As with other d
Page 74 and 75: Figure 7.1 The opium poppy, shown h
Page 76 and 77: Painkiller Analogues75In 1979-1980,
Page 78 and 79: Painkiller Analogues77Figure 7.3 Th
Page 80 and 81: Painkiller Analogues79Figure 7.4 Th
Page 82 and 83: Painkiller Analogues81the brain tha
Page 84 and 85: Bibliography and Further ReadingCha
Page 86 and 87: Dillon, P. Copel, and J.K. Jansen.
Page 88 and 89: www.projectghb.orgInformation about
Page 90 and 91: Talk With Your KidsInformation on t
Page 92 and 93: Date rape drugsEcstasy, 37GHB, 43,
Page 94 and 95: legal status of,18-19looks of, 19-2
Page 96 and 97: Picture Creditspage:13: Lambda Scie
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