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Appendix 9 – GlossaryTermExplanationBenchmarkingThe process of measuringstandards of actual performanceagainst those achieved by otherswith broadly similar characteristics.The aim is to improve quality sothat other organisations or servicescan raise their own performance tothat of the best. The process helpspractitioners take a structuredapproach to share, compare,identify and develop the bestpractice.DiagnosisDiagnostic codes are used to groupand identify diseases, disorders,symptoms, and medical signs, andare used to measure morbidity andmortality. Diagnoses codes areaudited against ICD-10 standards,as set by the World HealthOrganisationFinished Consultant Episode (FCE) An FCE or episode of care is acompleted period of care of apatient using an NHS hospital bed,under one consultant within onehealthcare provider. If a patient istransferred from one consultant toanother, even if this is within thesame provider unit, the episodeends and another one beginsGrouperSystem which uses diagnosis andprocedure codes to allocate activityto HRGs for billing purposes.Healthcare Resource Group (HRG) A grouping consisting of patientevents that have been judged toconsume a similar level ofresource. This is the currency usedfor payment under Payment byResultsHRGv3.5 NHS Grouper used until 2008/09HRG4 NHS Grouper used from 2009/10ICD10International Classification ofDisease and Related HealthProblems. An internationallydefined classification of disease,managed by the World HealthOrganisation – 10th Revisions.OPCS-4.5Office of Population Censuses andSurveys version 4.5 (now the OfficeAudit Commission Payment by results data assurance framework 77