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10 Drug MarketsThe substance most frequently seized in Austria is cannabis, followed by cocaine andopioids (heroin, medicines containing opioids; see ST13). However, quantities seizedare no valid indicators of the availability of a substance in Austria, as Austria often isnot the final destination of these drugs but a transit country, and because thesefigures also reflect the intensity of police activities. Regarding potency andconcentration of the substances available in Austria, experience of recent years hasshown considerable variations. This applies to both substances used by the traditionalstreet scene (opioids and cocaine) and also new synthetic drugs (ecstasy andamphetamines; see ST14 and ST15). The fact that actual ingredients and potency areoften unknown constitutes a considerable risk factor for drug users.Information about the availability of illicit drugs can be derived from some questions ofthe ESPAD surveys (Strizek et al. 2008; see Chapter 2.1). The data on seizures given inthis chapter have been provided by the Federal Ministry of the Interior/Federal CriminalAgency (BMI/.BK), and the data on purity and prices, by the ChEck iT! project as well asBMI/.BK.10.1 Availability and supplyIn the report of last year (see GÖG/ÖBIG 2009b) information was given in advanceregarding responses to a question asked in the ESPAD survey, namely how difficultrespondents thought it would be to obtain certain legal and illicit substances if theywanted them. Now the final report is available (Strizek et al. 2008), and detailed resultsbroken down by age, gender and region can be given.While 80% of young people interviewed said it was fairly easy or very easy to obtainalcohol (wine/sparkling wine: 80%; hard liquor: 56%), the corresponding share for illicitdrugs was slightly above one third (35%) only in the case of cannabis. Both ecstasy andamphetamines were considered to be available fairly easily or very easily by 20% ofrespondents. Regarding cannabis and ecstasy, the percentages the people interviewedwho think that these substances are easy to obtain rise parallel to the age ofrespondents. In Vienna, a greater percentage thought that illicit substances were easyto get (see Table 10.1) However, these indications have to be qualified to some extentbecause of misunderstandings on the part of people interviewed (see notes to Table10.1)90 © GÖG/ÖBIG, <strong>Report</strong> on the Drug Situation 2010
Table 10.1Assessment of the difficulty to obtain certain psychoactive substances (shares ofanswers from 'very easy' to 'fairly easy')SubstanceSubgroupCannabisEcstasyAmphetamines1Tranquilisers/sedativesCigarettesWine/sparklingwineHardliquor14 years 25% 16% 24% 13% 80% 70% 44%15 years 31% 19% 23% 14% 81% 76% 50%16 years 38% 21% 23% 13% 90% 87% 63%17 years 51% 29% 31% 20% 89% 91% 69%Girls 33% 21% 23% 14% - - -Boys 36% 20% 25% 14% - - -Vienna 42% 30% 29% 18% - - -East Austria w/o Vienna 33% 18% 22% 13% - - -West Austria 35% 20% 24% 14% - - -Total 35% 21% 24% 14% 85% 81% 56%Note 1: The question was, 'How difficult do you think is it for you to obtain stimulants or amphetamines if youwant them?' A validation study has shown, however, that the respondents thought that stimulants andamphetamines included energy drinks such as Red Bull.Source: BMG, calculation and representation by GÖG/ÖBIGWhen a rise in the use of 'research chemicals' such as mephedrone 38 showed, expertsand the media attributed this to the easy availability of this substance in head shops 39and online stores (“Die Presse”, 20 November 2009; see Chapters 1.1 4.2 and 10.3). Inthe opinion of drug experts this was problematic in general, and especially at a timewhen a statutory prohibition was prepared, which might encourage panic buys. Thisproved true when an extraordinarily great number of customers was registered in a38Until late in August 2010, mephedrone was among the most frequently used research chemicals in Austria. InAugust 2010, mephedrone was included in the list of substances prohibited by statute and has been an illicitdrug since then (see Chapters 1.1, 4.2 and 10.3).39Head shops are small shops selling paraphernalia related to the use of cannabis and other articles typical of thedrug scene.Chapter 10 / Drug Markets 91
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Report on the Drug
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ISBN-13 978-3-85159-153-8Owner, edi
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PreventionThe trend towards drawing
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hardly known. This makes it impossi
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6 Health Correlates and Consequence
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Tables and FiguresTablesTable 6.1Ta
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Table A22Table A23Table A24Table A2
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Figure 9.1Figure 9.2Figure 9.3Figur
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Part ANew Developmentsand Trends
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The amendment to the Narcotic Drugs
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deaths (see GÖG/ÖBIG 2009b) conti
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In the reporting period, no new dev
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2.1 Drug use in the general populat
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The quitting rate 3 is considerably
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Figure 2.2Experience of cannabis us
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described on the individual website
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ehaviour is elevated for children i
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theme of the Gesunde Gemeinden (hea
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party scenes are relevant settings.
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support if needed. The project is i
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approximations and have to be inter
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Figure 4.22-sample CRC estimates wi
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5 Drug-related Treatment: Treatment
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2010, now 50 doctors are entitled t
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patients for inpatient treatment al
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Map 5.2Specialised providers of out
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Page 58 and 59: events are organised, and on the ot
Page 60 and 61: 5.3 Characteristics of treated clie
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Page 64 and 65: existing treatment system who do no
Page 66 and 67: 5.4 Trends of clients in treatmentA
Page 68 and 69: Figure 5.7First substitution treatm
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Page 72 and 73: Table 6.1Data on hepatitis B, hepat
Page 74 and 75: ange from affective disorders (e.g.
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Page 84 and 85: distribution of condoms) is provide
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Page 88 and 89: While smaller shares of women state
Page 90 and 91: Map 8.1Specialised providers of inp
Page 92 and 93: The Lighthouse housing project of M
Page 94 and 95: empowerment that had been aimed at,
Page 96 and 97: handling of drugs: Section 27 of th
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Page 100 and 101: Stadtpark, and Westbahnhof station.
Page 102 and 103: mation on final convictions because
Page 104 and 105: practitioners and psychiatrists). I
Page 108 and 109: head shop in Graz (Styria) in Augus
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Page 113: Part BSelected Issues
Page 116 and 117: national quality standards for medi
Page 118 and 119: Also, both at federal and provincia
Page 120 and 121: Table 11.1, continuedTitle and year
Page 122 and 123: Plans for new guidelines and standa
Page 124 and 125: 12 Cost of Drug-related TreatmentTh
Page 126 and 127: centres so far (Schweizer Haus Hade
Page 128 and 129: greatest percentage of the respecti
Page 130 and 131: (e.g., days of hospital stay becaus
Page 133 and 134: BibliographyAPA 2010. AIDS 2010. Wi
Page 135 and 136: EMCDDA 2000. Treatment demand indic
Page 137 and 138: Haas, S. (2005). Problembewusste Fr
Page 139 and 140: Pont, J.; Wool, R. (2006). Ein Leit
Page 141 and 142: VIVID 2010. Jahresbericht 2009. VIV
Page 143 and 144: Personal Communications(alphabetica
Page 145 and 146: Caritas Marienambulanz. Drug relate
Page 147 and 148: Low threshold service Ganslwirt(Ver
Page 149 and 150: Viennese pilot project “Pregnancy
Page 151 and 152: Lower Austria: Fachstelle für Such
Page 153 and 154: Caritas Innsbruckhttp://www.caritas
Page 155 and 156: Otto-Wagner-Spital — Drogeninstit
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AnnexA. Tables, MapB. List of Abbre
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Table A1Overview of selected genera
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Table A2, continuedStudy(author(s),
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Table A5Number of directly drug-rel
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Table A7Distribution of directly dr
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Table A11Distribution of reports of
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Table A15Final convictions under th
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Table A18Seizures of narcotic drugs
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Table A22Persons starting drug trea
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Table A29Current health problems of
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The programme plus is implemented i
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Proven regional interventions run f
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Table A34Austrian population statis
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Annex BList of Abbreviations
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HCVHCV-AbHCV-RNAHIVICD-10IFESISDISP
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List of Standard Tables of 2010 and
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© Gesundheit Österreich GmbHStube
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