Report on the Drug Situation 2010 - Bundesministerium fÃ¼r ...

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PreventionThe trend towards drawing up and implementing standardised prevention programmeshas continued. Parallel to this, specific activities have been pursued to address childrenand young people for whom the risk of addiction is elevated, and proven programmeshave been expanded to include additional target groups. For instance, now interventionsin school settings more often aim at students in lower secondary schools andpolytechnic schools. Moderated talks have been organised in private contexts in orderto get into contact with parents who cannot easily be addressed otherwise. Newactivities undertaken in the reporting period have focused on young people taking partin programmes of the Public Employment Service, as well as early detection and earlyintervention.Problem Drug UseAccording to the most recent prevalence estimates of problem drug use (which inAustria primarily means poly-drug use with opioids), in Austria the number of problemdrug users was between 25 000 and 37 000 in 2009. Compared to other data, thispermits the conclusion that the prevalence rates have remained at similar levels inrecent years. Another estimate indicates between 12 5000 and 18 500 problem drugusers in Austria, with injecting as their preferred mode of administration.Drug-related Treatment: Treatment Demand and Treatment AvailabilityAs the number of doctors delivering opioid substitution treatment has shown adecline, the supply situation has become very critical in several regions. At provinciallevel, remuneration agreements have been concluded and restructuring measuresadopted in order to improve the situation, which has not always had the desired effect,however. While the amendment to the Narcotic Drugs Decree adopted in December2009 has undoubtedly increased the acceptance of the regulations for opioidsubstitution treatment, it will not be clear before the end of 2010 whether this hasimproved the motivation of established doctors to deliver opioid substitution treatment.Generally speaking, a trend towards integrated addiction treatment and supportservices as well as individualised treatment has shown. Massive deficits are still foundwith regard to services for older drug users as well as young people, in particular inthe field of inpatient treatment.Recent data from treatment services confirm that opioids continue to predominate asprimary drugs and that a significant share of clients tends to snort opioids when theystart to use these substances. Further analyses of gender differences show thatwomen, contrary to several sources, are not underrepresented in drug support andtreatment centres. For women, the risk of developing patterns of problem drug useIV © GÖG/ÖBIG, <strong>Report</strong> on the Drug Situation 2010
seems to be smaller, and apparently their prognosis is better as far as quitting isconcerned.Health Correlates and ConsequencesThe data quality regarding drug-related deaths and infectious diseases continues to bea problem and hardly permits statements on trends. In order to improve the situation,uniform guidelines for autopsies have been prepared, but the problem that autopsiesare not performed in all cases of suspected drug-related deaths still remains. In 2009,a total number of 187 directly drug-related deaths could be verified, but there isanother 19 cases which may possibly be drug-related. First results are available regardingdirectly drug-related deaths (i.e. death caused by overdoses) among peopleentering opioid substitution treatment between 2000 and 2008: the mortality rate isbetween 4.6 and 6.9 deaths per 1 000 person years. The mortality rate of women issignificantly lower than the mortality rate of men.The harm reduction interventions undertaken have primarily focused on hepatitisvaccination programmes, on improved treatment of infectious diseases and on specificservices for pregnant users of opioids (aimed at raising their awareness of their ownstate of health and reducing adverse effects on the babies’ health).Social Correlates and Social ReintegrationDrug users still face social problems such as homelessness and unemployment, andalso high debts, but if specific measures are taken these problems could be reduced.In 2009, the focus was placed on finding employment in line with the clients’ needs aswell as linking addiction and housing services. Furthermore, additional spare-timeactivities were organised to promote social reintegration.Drug-related Crime, Prevention of Drug-related Crime, and PrisonThe number of reports to the police because of drug offences has increased in thereporting year, with a more pronounced rise showing with regard to misdemeanourscompared to felonies. A massive increase is also found in temporary waivers of reportsas well as alternatives to punishment, paralleled by a decline in convictions. In prisons,OST is the most important form of drug treatment: here a general rise in the numberof prisoner in treatment has shown.Drug MarketsCannabis continues to be the predominant substance seized, while ‘researchchemicals’ have played an increasingly important role in the party and clubbing scenes.These substances are not controlled but also have psychoactive effects, which areSummaryV
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Page 12 and 13: Tables and FiguresTablesTable 6.1Ta
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cooperation structures linking the
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events are organised, and on the ot
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5.3 Characteristics of treated clie
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play the most important role in the
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existing treatment system who do no
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5.4 Trends of clients in treatmentA
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Figure 5.7First substitution treatm
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6 Health Correlates and Consequence
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Table 6.1Data on hepatitis B, hepat
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ange from affective disorders (e.g.
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Figure 6.1Share of directly drug-re
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In the EMCDDA working group on coho
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7 Responses to Health Correlates an
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7.2 Prevention and treatment of dru
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distribution of condoms) is provide
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information on the risks of additio
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While smaller shares of women state
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Map 8.1Specialised providers of inp
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The Lighthouse housing project of M
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empowerment that had been aimed at,
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handling of drugs: Section 27 of th
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also shows regarding prison sentenc
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Stadtpark, and Westbahnhof station.
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mation on final convictions because
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practitioners and psychiatrists). I
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10 Drug MarketsThe substance most f
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head shop in Graz (Styria) in Augus
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(from 2005 to 2008, the correspondi
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Part BSelected Issues
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national quality standards for medi
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Also, both at federal and provincia
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Table 11.1, continuedTitle and year
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Plans for new guidelines and standa
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12 Cost of Drug-related TreatmentTh
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centres so far (Schweizer Haus Hade
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greatest percentage of the respecti
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(e.g., days of hospital stay becaus
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BibliographyAPA 2010. AIDS 2010. Wi
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EMCDDA 2000. Treatment demand indic
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Haas, S. (2005). Problembewusste Fr
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Pont, J.; Wool, R. (2006). Ein Leit
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VIVID 2010. Jahresbericht 2009. VIV
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Personal Communications(alphabetica
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Caritas Marienambulanz. Drug relate
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Low threshold service Ganslwirt(Ver
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Viennese pilot project “Pregnancy
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Lower Austria: Fachstelle für Such
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Caritas Innsbruckhttp://www.caritas
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Otto-Wagner-Spital — Drogeninstit
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AnnexA. Tables, MapB. List of Abbre
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Table A1Overview of selected genera
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Table A2, continuedStudy(author(s),
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Table A5Number of directly drug-rel
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Table A7Distribution of directly dr
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Table A11Distribution of reports of
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Table A15Final convictions under th
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Table A18Seizures of narcotic drugs
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Table A22Persons starting drug trea
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Table A29Current health problems of
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The programme plus is implemented i
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Proven regional interventions run f
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Table A34Austrian population statis
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Annex BList of Abbreviations
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HCVHCV-AbHCV-RNAHIVICD-10IFESISDISP
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List of Standard Tables of 2010 and
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© Gesundheit Österreich GmbHStube
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